Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Specific Technology, Human Capital and Economic Development
Current Issue
Volume 5, 2018
Issue 4 (July)
Pages: 71-87   |   Vol. 5, No. 4, July 2018   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 25   Since Sep. 1, 2018 Views: 994   Since Sep. 1, 2018
Authors
[1]
Diana Loubaki, Department of Economics, ISG, Marien NGouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
Abstract
Recent diffusion models can’t fully explain why some countries grow and some others can’t. In order to bring a precise explanation, the economic behaviour is assimilated to a complex dynamics characterized by three stages i.e the catching up, the convergence and the falling behind zones where in each of them respectively, in the highest zone, “the catching up”, the dynamic path may exhibits high growth rates after having reached the locus where development fully settled i.e “convergence” making the economies of the whole world grow the same through the time or it may exhibit multiple equilibria, thus stagnates and exhibits a cycle 2r period equilibrium when turning around or worst i.e regress, thus exhibits a chaotic equilibrium. The whole is caused by human capital and specific technology interaction nature both in agriculture and in manufacture which when positive, generates innovations while relative wages and economic growth boost development since technology is skill intensive.
Keywords
Specific Technology, Learning, Innovations, Human Capital Investment, Trainer’s Quality, Social Planner, Economic Development Dynamics
Reference
[1]
Spence, M. (1976). Product Selection, Fixed Costs, and Monopolistic Competition. Review of Economic Studies, 43, June, 217–235.
[2]
Dixit, A. K., and J. E. Stiglitz (1977), Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity. American Economic Review, 67, June, 297–308.
[3]
Ethier, Wilfred J. (1982). “National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade.” American Economic Review, 72, June, 389–405.
[4]
Romer, P. M. (1987). Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization. American Economic Review, 77, May, 56–62.
[5]
Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, October, part II, S71–S102.
[6]
Aghion, P., and P. Howitt (1992). “A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction.” Econometrica, 60, March, 323–351.
[7]
Grossman, G. M., and E. Helpman (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy.
[8]
Aghion, P., C. Harris, P. Howitt, and J. Vickers (2001). Competition, Imitation, and Growth with Step-by-Step Innovation. Review of Economic Studies, 68, July, 467–492.
[9]
Nelson, R. R., and E. Phelps (1966), Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth. American Economic Review, 56, May, 69–75.
[10]
Krugman, P. (1979). “A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer, and the World Distribution of Income. Journal of Political Economy, 87, April, 253–266.
[11]
Jovanovic, B., and S. Lach (1991). The Diffusion of Technological Inequality among Nations. Unpublished, New York University.
[12]
Barro, Robert, and Xavier Sala-i-Martin (1997). Technological diffusion, convergence, and growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 2, March, 1–26.
[13]
Basu, S. and D. Weil, (1996), Appropriate Technology and Growth, NBER Working Paper 5865.
[14]
Howitt, P., and D. Mayer-Foulkes, (2002), Technological Inovation, Implementation and Stagnation: A Schumpeterian Theory of Convergence Clubs,” NBER Working Paper No. 9104.
[15]
Eicher, T. S., (1996), Endogenous Human Capital and Technological Change, Review of Economic Studies, 63, 127-145.
[16]
Loubaki, D., (2012), On the Mechanics of the Brain Drain Reduction in Poorest Developing Countries, Journal of Economic Development, 37(3), 75-101.
[17]
Benhabib, J., and M. M. Spiegel, (1994), The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: Evidence from Cross-Country Data, Journal of Monetary Economics, 34, 143-173.
[18]
Borenzstein, E., J. De Gregorio, and J. W. Lee, (1995), How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?, NBER Working Paper No. 5057.
[19]
Coe, D. T., and Helpman, E.; (1995); International R&D Spillovers; European Economic Review 39 (5): 859–87.
[20]
Easterlin, R. A, (1981), Why Isn’t the Whole World Developed? Journal of Economic History, 41, 1-19.
[21]
Abramovitz, M., (1986), Catching up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind, Journal of Economic History, 46, 385-406.
[22]
Griffith, R., S. Redding, and J. Van Rennan, (2004), Mapping the Two Faces of R&D: Productivity Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
[23]
Azariadis, C. and A. Drazen, (1990), Threshold Externalities in Economic Development, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105, 501-526, 1990.
[24]
Tamura, R, (1996), A Demographic Transition to Growth, Journal of Economics Dynamics and Control, 20 (6), 1237-1261.
[25]
Parente and Prescott, (1994), Barriers to Technology Adoption and Development, Journal of Political Economy, 102, 298-321.
[26]
Basu, S., and D. Weil, (1998), Appropriate Technology and Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113, 1025-54, 1998.
[27]
Acemoglu, D., P. Aghion, and F. Zilibotti, (2002), Distance to Frontier, Selection and Economic, Growth, NBER Working Paper No. 9066.
[28]
Aghion, P., and P. Howitt (1992). A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction. Econometrica, 60, March, 323–351.
[29]
Jinyoung, K. and Marschke, G., (2005), Labor Mobility of Scientists, Technological Diffusion and the Firm’s Patenting Decision, RAND Journal of Economics, 32(2), 298-317.
[30]
Perla, J., C. Tonetti, and M. E. Waugh (2014), Equilibrium Technology Diffusion, Trade, and Growth, NYU mimeo.
[31]
Grossman, G. M. and Helpman, E., (2014), Growth, Trade and Inequality, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 20502.
[32]
Sampson, T., (2014), Dynamic Selection: An Idea Flows Theory of Entry, Trade and Growth, Unpublished.
[33]
Alvarez, F., Buera, F. J. and Lucas, R. E. Jr. (2014). Idea Flows, Economic Growth, and Trade, Unpublished.
[34]
Eaton, J., and S. Kortum (2002), Technology, Geography, and Trade, Econometrica, 70(5), Growth in a Panel of OECD Industries,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 86.
[35]
Arrow, K. J., (1962), The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing, Review of Economic Studies 29,: 155-173.
[36]
Ricardo, David (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951.
[37]
Smith, Adam (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. New York: Random House, 1937.
[38]
Prebish, R. (1985), Five Stages in my reflection on Development, World Bank.
[39]
Chen, H.-J., (2006), International migration and economic growth: a source country perspective, Journal of Population Economics, 19: 725-48.
[40]
Chen, H., (2008), The endogenous probability of migration and economic growth, Economic Modeling Journal.
[41]
Loubaki, D., (2015), Poverty Reduction, Brain Drain and Development, American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 1(5), 537-553.
[42]
Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94, October, 1002–1037.
[43]
Shell, K., (1967), A Model of Inventive' Activity and Capital Accumulation, In Essays on the Theory of Optimal Growth, edited by Karl Shell. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
[44]
Eicher, T. S., (2003), Training, Adverse Selection and Appropriate Technology: Development and Growth in a Small Open Economy (unpublished work).
[45]
Bartel A. P. and Lichtenberg F. R., (1985), The Comparative Advantage of Educated Workers in Implemeting New Technology, NBER WP 1718.
[46]
Solow, R. M., (1956), A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
[47]
Lucas, Robert E., Jr. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3–42.
[48]
Lucas, Robert, E., (2015), Human Capital and Growth, American Economic Review, 105 (5), 85-88.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved