Effects of Cypermethrin on the Biochemical Profile of the Hemolymph of the African Pest Grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (Linn)
[1]
Julia Ekenma Agwu, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
[2]
Gregory Ejikeme Odo, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
[3]
Jane Chiwetalu Oloto, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
[4]
Michael Uwagbae, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Cypermethrin is a abroad – spectrum insecticide, used in the control of the African pest grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus. The insecticide has toxic effects on both target and non target organisms including man, especially when used in high concentrations. The study investigated the effects of various concentrations of cypermethrin (5ml/L, 1.2ml/L, 0.6ml/L) on the serum biochemistry properties of the hemolymph of Zonocerus variegatus and lower concentrations of cypermethrin able to control the crop pest. Apart from the control, all grasshoppers died between 24-48hrs. The hemolymph of all the grasshoppers were collected through dissection, analyzed for pH value, organic and inorganic substances. The mean concentrations of some organic substances (glucose and lipids), some inorganic substances (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl-) and the pH level in grasshoppers treated with various concentrations of cypermethrin, decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, there was a significant increase in the mean concentrations of proteins and uric acid in insecticide treated grasshoppers. These deviations from the biochemical profile of the control grasshoppers resulted to some behavioural changes which include hyperactivity, muscle spasm, fatigue, numbness and finally death. Cypermetrhin concentrations of 0.6ml/L and 1.2ml/L achieved the same level of mortality as that recommended by the manufacturers’ (5ml/L). Lower doses of the pesticide should be used in controlling Z. variegatus to reduce its potential risk to human health and other non target organisms. Protein concentrations in the hemolymph could be used as a stress marker for the grasshopper. This may prove useful in formulating a pesticide –free control strategy.
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