Insights into the Invasiveness of Non-Native Plants under Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition
Increasing human activities are causing global changes, such as elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition and increased biological invasions. Both atmospheric nitrogen deposition and biological invasions are recognized as increasingly prominent features of ecological landscapes throughout the world, and their interactions affect the structure and function of global ecosystems. Thus, there is considerable interest in understanding the mechanism of the invasion of non-native plants under atmospheric nitrogen deposition, specifically in terms of global nitrogen cycling and its potential contribution to the ongoing global change in coming decades. We reviewed the invasiveness of non-native plants under atmospheric nitrogen deposition. We discuss gaps in this research topic in an effort to guide further research.
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition, Global Changes, Invasiveness, Non-Native Plants
[1]
Abraham JK, Corbin JD, D'Antonio CM (2009) California native and exotic perennial grasses differ in their response to soil nitrogen, exotic annual grass density, and order of emergence. Plant Ecology 201: 445–456.
[2]
Armitage HF, Britton AJ, van der Wal R, Pearce ISK, Thompson DBA, Woodin SJ (2012) Nitrogen deposition enhances moss growth, but leads to an overall decline in habitat condition of mountain mosssedge heath. Global Change Biology 18: 290–300.
[3]
Baker AC, Murray BR (2012) Seasonal intrusion of litterfall from non-native pine plantations into surrounding native woodland: Implications for management of an invasive plantation species. Forest Ecology and Management 277: 25–37.
[4]
Blackburn TM, Pyšek P, Bacher S, Carlton JT, Duncan RP, Jarošík V, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM (2011) A proposed unified framework for biological invasions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26: 333–339.
[5]
Blumenthal D, Mitchell CE, Pyšek P, Jarosik V (2009) Synergy between pathogen release and resource availability in plant invasion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 7899–7904.
[6]
Brooker RW (2006) Plant-plant interactions and environmental change. New Phytologist 171: 271–284.
[7]
Burns JH (2004) A comparison of invasive and non-invasive dayflowers (Commelinaceae) across experimental nutrient and water gradient. Diversity and Distributions 10: 387–397.
[8]
Chen J, Wu FH, Liu TW, Chen L, Xiao Q, Dong XJ, He JX, Pei ZM, Zheng HL (2012) Emissions of nitric oxide from 79 plant species in response to simulated nitrogen deposition. Environmental Pollution 160: 192–200.
[9]
Clark CM, Tilman D (2008) Loss of plant species after chronic low-level nitrogen deposition to prairie grasslands. Nature 451: 712–715.
[10]
Clark GF, Johnston EL (2011) Temporal change in the diversity-invasibility relationship in the presence of a disturbance regime. Ecology Letters 14: 52–57.
[11]
Crossman ND, Bryan BA, Cooke DA (2011) An invasive plant and climate change threat index for weed risk management: Integrating habitat distribution pattern and dispersal process. Ecological indicators 11: 183–198.
[12]
Dassonville N, Vanderhoeven S, Vanparys V, Hayez M, Gruber W, Meerts P (2008) Impacts of alien invasive plants on soil nutrients are correlated with initial site conditions in NW Europe. Oecologia 157: 131–140.
[13]
Davidson AM, Jennions M, Nicotra AB (2011) Do invasive species show higher phenotypic plasticity than native species and, if so, is it adaptive? A meta-analysis. Ecology Letters 14: 419–431.
[14]
Davis MA, Grime JP, Thompson K (2000) Fluctuating resources in plant communities: A general theory of invisibility. Journal of Ecology 88: 528–534.
[15]
DeLange WJ, Stafford WHL, Forsyth GG, LeMaitre DC (2012) Incorporating stakeholder preferences in the selection of technologies for using invasive alien plants as a bio-energy feedstock: Applying the analytical hierarchy process. Journal of Environmental Management 99: 76–83.
[16]
Desurmont GA, Donoghue MJ, Clement WL, Agrawal AA (2011) Evolutionary history predicts plant defense against an invasive pest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108: 7070–7074.
[17]
Drenovsky RE, Khasanova A, James JJ (2012) Trait convergence and plasticity among native and invasive species in resource-poor environments. American Journal of Botany 99: 629–639.
[18]
Dukes JS, Chiariello NR, Loarie SR, Field CB (2011) Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialis L.) to global environmental changes. Ecological Applications 21: 1887–1894.
[19]
Ehrenfeld JG (2003) Effects of exotic plant invasions on soil nutrient cycling processes. Ecosystems 6: 503–523.
[20]
Essl F, Dullinger S, Rabitsch W, Hulme PE, Hülber K, Jarošík V, Kleinbauer I, Krausmann F, Kühn I, Nentwig W, Vilà M, Genovesi P, Gherardi F, Desprez-Loustau ML, Roques A, Pyšek P (2011) Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108: 203–207.
[21]
Feng YL, Auge H, Ebeling SK (2007) Invasive Buddleja davidii allocates more nitrogen to its photosynthetic machinery than five native woody species. Oecologia 153: 501–510.
[22]
Feng YL, Fu GL, Zheng YL (2008) Specific leaf area relates to the differences in leaf construction cost, photosynthesis, nitrogen allocation and use efficiencies between invasive and noninvasive alien congeners. Planta 228: 383–390.
[23]
Feng YL, Lei YB, Wang RF, Callaway RM, Valiente-Banuet A, Inderjit, Li YP, Zheng YL (2009) Evolutionary tradeoffs for nitrogen allocation to photosynthesis versus cell walls in an invasive plant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 1853–1856.
[24]
Flory SL, Bauer JT (2014) Experimental evidence for indirect facilitation among invasive plants. Journal of Ecology 102(1): 12–18.
[25]
Fridley JD, Stachowicz JJ, Naeem S, Sax DF, Seabloom EW, Smith MD, Stohlgren TJ, Tilman D, Von Holle B (2007) The invasion paradox: reconciling pattern and process in species invasions. Ecology 88: 3–17.
[26]
Galloway JN, Townsend AR, Erisman JW, Bekunda M, Cai Z, Freney JR, Martinelli LA, Seitzinger SP, Sutton MA (2008) Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: Recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320: 889–892.
[27]
Gross KL, Mittelbach GG, Reynolds HL (2005) Grassland invasibility and diversity: responses to nutrients, seed input, and disturbance. Ecology 86: 476–486.
[28]
Gruntman M, Pehl AK, Joshi S, Tielbörger K (2014) Competitive dominance of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera: using competitive effect and response with a vigorous neighbour. Biological Invasions 16: 141–151.
[29]
Guézou A, Trueman M, Buddenhagen CE, Chamorro S, Guerrero AM, Paola P, Atkinson R (2010) An extensive alien plant inventory from the inhabited areas of Galápagos. PLoS ONE 5: e10276.
[30]
Gurevitch J, Fox GA, Wardle GM, Inderjit, Taub D (2011) Emergent insights from the synthesis of conceptual frameworks for biological invasions. Ecology Letters 14: 407–418.
[31]
Hautier Y, Niklaus PA, Hector A (2009) Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication. Science 324: 636–638.
[32]
Hierro JL, Maron JL, Callaway RM (2005) A biogeographical approach to plant invasions: the importance of studying exotics in their introduced and native range. Journal of Ecology 93: 5–15.
[33]
Hughes RF, Denslow JS (2005) Invasion by a N2-fixing tree alters function and structure in wet lowland forest of Hawai'i. Ecological Applications 15: 1615–1628.
[34]
Huntly N, Bangert R, Hanser SE (2011) Native and exotic plants of fragments of sagebrush steppe produced by geomorphic processes versus land use. Plant and Soil 212: 1549–1561.
[35]
Jones DL, Shannon D, Murphy DV, Farrar J (2004) Role of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in soil N cycling in grassland soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 36: 749–756.
[36]
Jones RO, Chapman SK (2011) The roles of biotic resistance and nitrogen deposition in regulating non-native understory plant diversity. Plant and Soil 345: 257–269.
[37]
Jordan NR, Larson DL, Huerd SC (2008) Soil modification by invasive plants: effects on native and invasive species of mixed-grass prairies. Biological Invasions 10: 177–190.
[38]
Kempel A, Schädler M, Chrobock T, Fischer M, van Kleunen M (2011) Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108: 5685–5689.
[39]
Kiers ET, Duhamel M, Beesetty Y, Mensah JA, Franken O, Verbruggen E, Fellbaum CR, Kowalchuk GA, Hart MM, Bago A, Palmer TM, West SA, Vandenkoornhuyse P, Jansa J, Bucking H (2011) Reciprocal rewards stabilize cooperation in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Science 333: 880–882.
[40]
Klironomos JN (2002) Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities. Nature 417: 67–70.
[41]
Krupa SV (2003) Effects of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) on terrestrial vegetation: a review. Environmental Pollution 124: 179–221.
[42]
Kueffer C, Klingler G, Zirfass K, Schumacher E, Edwards P, Güsewell S (2008) Invasive trees show only weak potential to impact nutrient dynamics in phosphorus-poor tropical forests in the Seychelles. Functional Ecology 22: 359–366.
[43]
Kulmatiski A, Beard KH, Stevens JR, Cobbold SM (2008) Plant-soil feedbacks: a meta-analytical review. Ecology Letters 11: 980–992.
[44]
Kuzyakov Y (2010) Priming effects: interactions between living and dead organic matter. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42: 1363–1371.
[45]
Lankau RA (2010) Soil microbial communities alter allelopathic competition between Alliaria petiolata and a native species. Biological Invasions 12: 2059–2068.
[46]
Lankau RA, Nuzzo V, Spyreas G, Davis AS (2009) Evolutionary limits ameliorate the negative impact of an invasive plant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 15362–15367.
[47]
Laungani R, Knops JMH (2009) Species-driven changes in nitrogen cycling can provide a mechanism for plant invasions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 12400–12405.
[48]
Leduc SD, Rothstein DE (2010) Plant-available organic and mineral nitrogen shift in dominance with forest stand age. Ecology 91: 708–720.
[49]
Liao CZ, Peng RH, Luo YQ, Zhou XH, Wu XW, Fang CM, Chen JK, Li B (2008a) Altered ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles by plant invasion: a meta analysis. New Phytologist 177: 706–714.
[50]
Liao CZ, Luo YQ, Fang CM, Chen JK, Li B (2008b) Litter pool sizes, decomposition, and nitrogen dynamics in Spartina alterniflora-invaded and native coastal marshlands of the Yangtze Estuary. Oecologia 156: 589–600.
[51]
Liu J, Dong M, Miao SL, Li ZY, Song MH, Wang RQ (2006) Invasive alien plants in China: role of clonality and geographical origin. Biological Invasions 8: 1461–1470.
[52]
Lu JZ, Qiu W, Chen JK (2005) Impact of invasive species on soil properties: Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) as a case study. Biodiversity Science 13: 347–356. (In Chinese)
[53]
Marchante E, Kjoller A, Struwe S, Freitas HS (2009) Soil recovery after removal of the N2-fixing invasive Acacia longifolia: consequences for ecosystem restoration. Biological Invasions 11: 813–823.
[54]
Mitchell CE, Power AG (2003) Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens. Nature 42: 625–627.
[55]
Müller-Schäer H, Schaffner U (2008) Classical biological control: exploiting enemy escape to manage plant invasions. Biological Invasions 10: 859–874.
[56]
Niu HB, Liu WX, Wan FH, Liu B (2007) An invasive aster (Ageratina adenophora) invades and dominates forest understories in China: altered soil microbial communities facilitate the invader and inhibit natives. Plant and Soil 294: 73–85.
[57]
Nordin A, Strengbom J, Ericson L (2006) Responses to ammonium and nitrate additions by boreal plants and their natural enemies. Environmental Pollution 141: 167–174.
[58]
Ochoa-Hueso R, Allen EB, Branquinho C, Cruz C, Dias T, Fenn ME, Manrique E, Perez-Corona ME, Sheppard LJ, Stock WD (2011) Nitrogen deposition effects on Mediterranean type ecosystems: an ecological assessment. Environmental Pollution 159: 2265–2279.
[59]
Orr SP, Rudgers JA, Clay K (2005) Invasive plants can inhibit native tree seedlings: testing potential allelopathic mechanisms. Plant Ecology 181: 153–165.
[60]
Pimentel D, Zuniga R, Morrison D (2005) Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States. Ecological Economics 52: 273–288.
[61]
Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Hulme PE, Kühn I, Wild J, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Chiron F, Didžiulis V, Essl F, Genovesi P, Gherardi F, Hejda M, Kark S, Lambdon PW, Desprez-Loustau A-M, Nentwig W, Pergl J, Poboljšaj K, Rabitsch W, Roques A, Roy DB, Solarz W, Vilà M & Winter M (2010) Disentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107: 12157– 12162.
[62]
Reynolds HL, Hartley AE, Vogelsang KM, Bever JD, Schultz PA (2005) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi do not enhance nitrogen acquisition and growth of old-field perennials under low nitrogen supply in glasshouse culture. New Phytologist 167: 869–880.
[63]
Rickey MA, Anderson RC (2004) Effects of nitrogen addition on the invasive grass Phragmites australis and a native competitor Spartina pectinata. Journal of Applied Ecology 41: 888–896.
[64]
Roman J, Darling J (2007) Paradox lost: genetic diversity and the success of aquatic invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22: 454–464.
[65]
Sanon A, Beguiristain T, Cébron A, Berthelin J, Sylla SN, Duponnois R (2012) Differences in nutrient availability and mycorrhizal infectivity in soils invaded by an exotic plant negatively influence the development of indigenous Acacia species. Journal of Environmental Management 95: S275–S279.
[66]
Schlesinger WH (2009) On the fate of anthropogenic nitrogen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 203–208.
[67]
Schmidt JP, Drake JM (2011) Why are some plant genera more invasive than others? PLoS ONE 6: e18654.
[68]
Si CC, Liu XY, Wang CY, Wang L, Dai ZC, Qi SS, Du DL (2013) Different degrees of plant invasion significantly affect the richness of the soil fungal community. PLoS ONE 8: e85490.
[69]
Silvan N, Tuittila E, Kitunen V, Vasander H, Laine J (2005) Nitrate update by Eriophorum vaginatum controls N2O production in a restored peatland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37: 1519–1526.
[70]
Simberloff D (2006) Invasional meltdown 6 years later: important phenomenon, unfortunate metaphor, or both? Ecology Letters 9: 912–919.
[71]
Steers RJ, Funk JL, Allen EB (2011) Can resource-use traits predict native vs. exotic plant success in carbon amended soils? Ecological Applications 21: 1211–1224.
[72]
te Beest M, Stevens N, Olff H, van der Putten WH (2009) Plant-soil feedback induces shifts in biomass allocation in the invasive plant Chromolaena odorata. Journal of Ecology 6: 1281–1290.
[73]
van den Berg LJL, Tomassen HBM, Roelofs JGM, Bobbink R (2005) Effects of nitrogen enrichment on coastal dune grassland: A mesocosm study. Environmental Pollution 138: 77–85.
[74]
van den Berg LJL, Vergeer P, Rich TCG, Smart SM, Guest D, Ashmore MR (2011) Direct and indirect effects of nitrogen deposition on species composition change in calcareous grasslands. Global Change Biology 17: 1871–1883.
[75]
van Grunsven RHA, van der Putten WH, Bezemer TM, Tamis WLM, Berendse F, Veenendaal EM (2007) Reduced plant-soil feedback of plant species expanding their range as compared to natives. Journal of Ecology 95: 1050–1057.
[76]
van Kleunen M, Weber E, Fischer M (2010) A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species. Ecology Letters 13: 235–245.
[77]
Vogelsang KM, Bever JD (2009) Mycorrhizal densities decline in association with nonnative plants and contribute to plant invasion. Ecology 90: 399–407.
[78]
Wang CY, Feng XG, Guo P, Han GM, Tian XJ (2010) Response of degradative enzymes to N fertilization during litter decomposition in a subtropical forest through a microcosm experiment. Ecological Research 25: 1121–1128.
[79]
Wang CY, Han GM, Jia Y, Feng XG, Guo P, Tian XJ (2011) Response of litter decomposition and related soil enzyme activities to different forms of nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical forest. Ecological Research 26: 505–513.
[80]
Wang JP, Dong LJ, Sang WG (2012) Effects of different nitrogen regimes on competition between Ambrosia artemisiifolia, an invasive species, and two native species, Artemisia annua and Artemisia mongolica. Biodiversity Science 20: 3–11. (In Chinese)
[81]
Wang TJ, Jiang F, Li S, Liu Q (2007) Trends in air pollution during 1996–2003 and cross-border transport in city clusters over the Yangtze River Delta Region of China. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 18: 995–1009.
[82]
Wardle D, Bardgett D, Callaway RM, van der Putten W (2011) Terrestrial ecosystem responses to species gains and losses. Science 332: 1273–1277.
[83]
Weber E, Li B (2008) Plant invasions in China: what is to be expected in the wake of economic development? BioScience 58: 437‒444.
[84]
Wei XH, Blanco JA, Jiang H, Kimmins JPH (2012) Effects of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in Chinese fir forest ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment 416: 351–361.
[85]
Wolfe AP, Cooke CA, Hobbs WO (2006) Are current rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition influencing lakes in the eastern Canadian arctic? Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 38: 465–476.
[86]
Wolfe BE, Rodgers VL, Stinson KA, Pringle A (2008) The invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) inhibits ectomycorrhizal fungi in its introduced range. Journal of Ecology 96: 777–783.
[87]
Yelenik SG, Stock WD, Richardson DM (2004) Ecosystem level impacts of invasive Acacia saligna in the South African Fynbos. Restoration Ecology 12(1): 44–51.
[88]
Zavaleta ES, Shaw MR, Chiariello NR, Mooney HA, Field CB (2003) Additive effects of simulated climate changes, elevated CO2, and nitrogen deposition on grassland diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 7650–7654.
[89]
Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Michel K, Pfeffer M (2011) Soil microbial community structure in European forests in relation to forest type and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Plant and Soil 343: 37–50.