Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Myf6 Gene in Yak (Bos grunniens)
[1]
Zhang Run-feng, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China.
[2]
Li Rui-wen, Reproductive and Endocrine Laboratory, Chengdu Woman-Child Central Hospital, Chengdu, China.
[3]
Lin Ya-qiu, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China.
[4]
Zheng Yu-cai, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China.
[5]
Li Jian, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Chengdu, China.
To reveal the sequence characteristic and expression pattern of Myf6 gene in Jiulong yaks (Bos grunniens), a full-length cDNA of Myf6 was cloned from yak muscle tisssue by RT-PCR. The cDNA obtained was 774 bp nucleotide (nt) long with an ORF of 729 bp which encoding 242 amino acids. Compared with Myf6 protein sequences of Bos Taurus, Capra hircus, Sus scrofa, Homo sapiens, Equus caballus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, and Mus musculus, the homology of amino acid sequences were higher (100 %-94 %), but lower in Zebrafish (60 %). Semi Quantitative (SQ) RT-PCR analysis showed that Myf6 gene expression was observed mainly in longissimus muscle, and trace expression in spleen, but not be detected in heart, liver, kidney, and adipose tissues. The expression of Myf6 gene in Longissimus dorsi of male yaks increased with age. The levels of Myf6 mRNA in Longissimus muscles of 3.5-5.5 yr and over 9.0 yr yaks were significantly higher than that of 0.5 yr yaks (p<0.05). These results suggest that Myf6 may play an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle phenotype of yak.
Yak, Myf6 cDNA, Molecular Characterization, Expression Analysis, Longissimus dorsi
[1]
Wiener G, Han JL and Long RJ. The Yak 2nd edn. (2003) (Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok,
[2]
Buckingham M. (2006) Myogenic progenitor cells and skeletal myogenesis in vertebrates. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 16,525-532.
[3]
Le Grand F and Rudnicki MA. (2007) Skeletal muscle satellite cells and adult myogenesis. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 6, 628-633.
[4]
Kablar B, Krastel K, Ying C, Tapscott SJ, Goldhamer DJ and Rudnicki MA. (1999) Myogenic determination occurs independently in somites and limb buds. Dev. Biol. 206(2), 219-231.
[5]
Hughes SM and Schiaffino S. (1999) Control of muscle fiber size: a crucal fact or in ageing. Acta. Physiol. Scand.167 (4), 307-312.
[6]
Te Pas MF and Soumillion A. (2001)The use of physiologic and functional genomic information of the determination of skeletal muscle mass in livestock breeding strategies to enhance meat production. Curr. Genomics. 2,85-304.
[7]
Francetic T and Li Q. (2001) Skeletal myogenesis and Myf5 activation.Transcription 2(3), 109-114.
[8]
Wright WE, Sassoon DA and Lin VK. (1989) Myogenin, a factor regulating myogenesis, has a domain homologous to MyoD. Cell 56(4), 607-617.
[9]
Miner JH, Miller JB and Wold BJ. (1992) Skeletal muscle phenotypes initiated by ectopic MyoD in transgenic mouse heart. Development 114(4), 853-860.
[10]
Patapoutian A, Yoon J K , Miner J H, Wang S, Stark K and Wold B. (1995) Disruption of the mouse MRF4 gene identifies multiple waves of myogenesis in the myotome. Development 121(10), 3347-3358.
[11]
Hasty P, Bradley A, Morris JH, Edmondson DG, Venuti JM, Olson EN and Klein WH. (1993) Muscle deficiency and neonatal death in mice with a targeted mutation in the myogenin gene. Nature 364, 501-506.
[12]
Walters EH, Stickland NC and Loughna PT. (2000) MRF-4 exhibits fiber type- and muscle-specific pattern of expression in postnatal rat muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 278, R1381-R1384.
[13]
Wyszynska-Koko J and Kuryl J. (2004) Porcine MYF6 gene: sequence, homology analysis, and variation in the promoter region. Anim. Biotechnol. 15, 159-173.
[14]
Fan H, Cinar MU, Phatsara C, Tesfaye D, Tholen E, Looft C and Schellander K. (2011) Molecular mechanism underlying the differential MYF6 expression in postnatal skeletal muscle of Duroc and Pietrain breeds. Gene 486, 8-14.
[15]
Te Pas MF, Verburg FJ, Gerritsen CL and de Greef KH. (2000) Messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the MyoD gene family in muscle tissue at slaughter in relation to selection for porcine growth rate. J.Anim. Sci. 78, 69-77.
[16]
Kassar-Duchossoy L, Gayraud-Morel B, Gomes D, Rocancourt D, Buckingham M, Shinin V and Tajbakhsh S. (2004) Mrf4 determines skeletal muscle identity in Myf5: Myod double-mutant mice. Nature 431, 466-471.
[17]
Maak S, Neumann K and Swalve HH. (2006) Identification and analysis of putative regulatory sequences for the MYF5/MYF6 locus in different vertebrate species. Gene 379,141-147.
[18]
Petersen TN, Brunak S, Heijne G and Nielsen H. (2011) SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions. Nat.Methods. 8(10), 785-786.
[19]
Hall T. (2001) Bioedit version 5.0.6. Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University. http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html.
[20]
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A and Kumar S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 2725-2729.
[21]
Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD. (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−△△Ct method. Methods 25,402-408.
[22]
Te Pas MFW, Hulsegge I, Coster A, Pool MH, Heuven HH and Janss LLG.(2007) Biochemical pathways analysis of microarray results: regulation of myogenesis in pigs. BMC. Dev. Biol. 7, 66-80.
[23]
Cottle DL, McGrath MJ, Cowling BS, Coghill ID, Brown S and Mitchell CA. (2007) FHL3 binds MyoD and negatively regulates myotube formation. J .Cell .Sci. 120(8), 1423-1435.
[24]
Fan CM, Li L, Rozo ME and Lepper C. (2012) Making skeletal muscle from progenitor and stem cells: development versus regeneration. Wiley. Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol. 1(3), 315-327.
[25]
Ling BM, Bharathy N, Chung TK, Kok WK, Li S, Tan YH, Rao VK, Gopinadhan S, Sartorelli V, Walsh MJ and Taneja R. (2012) Lysine methyltransferase G9a methylates the transcription factor MyoD and regulates skeletal muscle differentiation. Proc. Natl .Acad. Sci .USA.109 (3), 841-846.
[26]
Shi X and Garry DJ. (2010) Myogenic regulatory factors transactivate the Tceal7 gene and modulate muscle differentiation. Biochem. J.428 (2), 213-221.
[27]
Bober E, Lyons GE, Braun T, Cossu G, Buckingham M, Arnold HH (1991) The muscle regulatory gene, Myf-6, has a biphasic pattern of expression during early mouse development. J Cell Biol, 113 (6): 1255-1265
[28]
Hespel P, Op't Eijnde B, Van Leemputte M, Ursø B, Greenhaff PL, Labarque V, Dymarkowski S, Van Hecke P and Richter EA. (2001) Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans. J. Physiol. 536(2), 625-633.
[29]
Willoughby DS and Rosene JM. (2003) Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myogenic regulatory factor expression. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 35(6), 923-929.
[30]
Zhu Z and Miller JB.(1997) MRF4 can substitute for myogenin during early stages of myogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 209(2), 233-241.
[31]
Pierzchala M, Pareek SC, Lisowski P, Urbanski P, Goluch D, Czarnik U, Kamyczek M, Rozycki M, Cooper RG and Kuryl J.(2011) Expression profile of MYF5 and MYF6 genes in skeletal muscles of young growing gilts of five breeds at different ages, based on the most stable reference genes. Animal Science papers and Reports 29(3), 231-246.
[32]
Ropka-Molik K, Eckert R and Piorkowska K. (2010) The expression pattern of myogenic regulatory factors MyoD, Myf6 and Pax7 in postnatal porcine skeletal muscles. Gene Expression Patterns 11(1-2), 79-83.
[33]
Stupka R, Citek J, Sprysl M, Okrouhla M and Brzobohaty L.(2012) The impact of MYOG, MYF6 and MYOD1 genes on meat quality traits in crossbred pigs. African. J. Biotech. 11(88), 15405-15409.
[34]
Du XH, Gan QF, Yuan ZR, Gao X, Zhang LP, Gao HJ, Li JY and Xu SZ. (2013) Polymorphism of MyoD1 and Myf6 genes and associations with carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. Genet. Mol. Res. 12(4), 6708-6717.
