Effects of Limestone Application on Concentrations and Chemical Forms of Phosphorus in Different-Size Aggregates in Acidic Soil
[1]
Elgodah Hamed Ahmed, Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil & Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China; Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, El Obied, Sudan.
[2]
Awad Elkarim Suliman Osman Khalifa, Institute of Gum Arabic Research Desertification Studies, University of Kordofan, El Obied, Sudan.
[3]
Kamal Hassan Suliman, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, El Obied, Sudan.
[4]
Mohammed Ishag Mohammed Abd Allsamed, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Kordofan, El Obied, Sudan.
[5]
Seif Aldin Dawina Abdallah Fragallah, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, El Obied, Sudan.
[6]
Mingkui Zhang, Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil & Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China.
To assess the changes in the forms and concentrations of P, aggregate stability, Ferrosols was amended with two different rates (0.3 and 0.6 g/kg) of limestone (X1 and X2) with control (CK) as 0g/kg. After 70 days, the incubated soils were analyzed for microbial biomass P (MBP), total P (total Phosphorus), available Phosphorus (available Phosphorus), Hedley P fractions (water soluble- Phosphorus; NaHCO3-IP; NaHCO3-OP; NaOH-IP; NaOH-OP; HCL-P and Residual Phosphorus), 31P composition, and water stable aggregate sizes (WSA). The highest, total P, available P, water soluble-P, NaHCO3-IP, NaOH-IP, HCL-P and Residual P were measured in the X2. The highest content of MBP was measured in X1 in contrary X2 shows the lowest content. Also limestone decreased the concentration of NaHCO3-OP and NaOH-OP in X1 and X2 treatments. On the other hand liming results in highest value of WSA representing the microbial activities result in and contribute on bonding agent for macro-aggregation. The high orthophosphate is largely caused by high limestone and low differences between the treatments. Limestone application increases total and available and labile P pools, stimulates microbial activities, in turn increases macro-aggregation, and thus soil quality. 31P NMR spectroscopy revealed that orthophosphate was the major inorganic compounds 66% in bulk soil and WSA sizes. Followed by monoester and diester were the major organic P compounds 20% and 13% unknown 6% respectively. The results of sequential extraction and 31P NMR spectroscopy indicate that application of limestone not only increased the amount of inorganic P forms, but also influenced the structural composition and bioavailability of P in acid soil.
Limestone, Phosphorus Forms, Water Stable Aggregates, Total P, and Microbial Biomass P
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