[1]
Tarig Abdalla Mohamed Elballa, Gum Arabic and Forest Product Research Centre Manager, West Kordofan University, Ennohoud, Sudan.
[2]
Abdalla Mohamed Abdalla Yahia, Dean of Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan.
[3]
Elrashid Imam Elkhidir, Department of Economic, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
This study was conducted at Ennohoud Locality, West Kordofan State during the season 2013/2014 and dealt with nymphal stages of the tree locust, Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon (Orthoptera: Acrididae) the most devastate insect pest of Acacia senegal trees, the major source of Gum Arabic production. This study was designed, generally, to test some local farmer’s knowledge at the selected area. A key informant questionnaire was designed and accordingly filled by interviewing the targeted farmers. 100 respondents from Wad Elhelaw, Abumariga, Greawid, Abu Dagal villages and Ennohoud Crop Market were chosen. Twenty respondents were selected from each. The respondents were interviewed for their experience and knowledge in aspects relevant to the nymphal stage of the tree locust in relation to its impact on Acacia senegal. Data were statistically analysed using IBM-SPSS (version 20) software package. Descriptive statistics were followed for data manipulation. Results publicized that most respondents cannot differentiate between the different nymphal stages. The nymphal stages climb up the trees at August. The main activity of nymphal stages recorded by 95% of the respondent was eating. Fledgling was reached at September as mentioned by 90% of the respondents. Majority of respondents specify that tree locust leave the area at October, at evening and the migration towards South-east. Acacia senegal trees damage was estimated as substantial (< 50% of tree product) and 99% of respondents find severe damage of the tree locust influence on tapping decision. Estimates of crop production damage by tree locust are little. Respondents reported three types of trees affected by tree locust; these were Acacia nubica, Balanites aegyptiaca and Ziziphus spp.
West Kordofan, Acacia Senegal, Tree Locust, Anacridium, Farmers Knowledge
[1]
Ballal E. M., E. A. El Siddig, M. A. Elfadl, and Luukkanen (2005): Relationship between Environmental Factors, Tapping Dates, Tapping intensity and Gum Arabic Yield of an Acacia senegal Plantation in Western Sudan. Journal of Arid Environments 63: 379-389.
[2]
Berry La Verle (2015): Area handbook Series: Sudan- a country study. Fedral Research Division. Library of Congress. Fifth edition, First printing 2015. ISBN 978-0-8444-0750-0.
[3]
El Amin, H. M., M. Roth, and M. E. Taha (2008): The Consequences of Defoliation of Gum Arabic tree (Acacia senegal) by Sahelian Tree Locust (Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon) for the Gum Producers in North Kordofan State, Sudan. Tropentag, University of Hohenheim, Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development.
[4]
El Bashier, E. M. (1994): The impact of defoliation by the tree locust {Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon (walker)} on the Gum Arabic production by Acacia senegals [Acacia Senegal (L.) Willd] MSc. Thesis; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Forestry, 1994.
[5]
Haroon, W. M. (2014): Studies on Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon (Walker) on Acacia senegal in Kordofan, Sudan: Loss Assessment, Socio-economic Impacts and Control Methods.
[6]
Ibrahim, M. and, Abdalla M. Abdalla (2015): Bio-ecology of Anacridium Melanorhodon Melanorhodon, (Orthoptera: Acrididae) on Acacia Senegal in North Kordofan State, Sudan. Tropentag, September 16-18, 2015, Berlin, Germany.
[7]
Jamal A. and L. Huntsinger (1993). Deterioration of a sustainable agro-silvo-pastoral system in the Sudan/ the Gum gardens of Kordofan. Agro-forestry Systems.
[8]
Jamal A (1994): Major insect pests of Gum Arabic Acacia senegal Willd. and Acacia seyal L. in Western Sudan: Journal of Applied Entomology Volume 117, Issue 1-5, pages 10–20.
[9]
Mahmoud, T. E. (2004): The adequacy of price Incentives on production, processing and marketing of Gum Arabic in Sudan: A case Study North and West Kordofan. PhD Thesis Submitted to Institute for International Forest and Forest Economics. Technical University, Dresden, Tharandt.
[10]
Meinzingen W. F. (1993): A Guide To Migrant Pest Management In Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nation (FAO).
[11]
NAS, (1979). Tropical Legumes: Resource for the Future National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Washington.
[12]
Pearce D. (1988). Natural resource management and anti-desertification policy in the Sahel-Sudan zone: A case study of Gum Arabic. Geo Journal. Vol. 17: 3, 349-355.
[13]
Rahama 2017, Omer Rahama Mohamed, Magzoub Omer Bashir Ahmed, Mutassim Mohamed Yassin: Sesonal Occerance of the Tree locust, Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon on Acacia senegal in North Kordofan State, Sudan.
[14]
Robinson D. Micheal (2001): Desert Nitrogen Cycle from a Population of the Sahelian Tree Locust in Oman; Science and Technology, 6 (2001) 33-28.
[15]
Safi, Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi (2011): Assessment of Damage by the Tree Locust (Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon) on Hashab Tree (Acacia senegal) using Ground Surveys and Remote Sensing Data. A thesis submitted to the Graduate College, University Khartoum in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture.
[16]
Schmutterer, H. (1969). Pests of crops in Northeast and Central Africa. Gustarv Fisher Verlag. Stuttgard, Portland, USA.
[17]
Song Hojun, (2010): Density-Dependent Phase Polyphenism in Nonmodel Locusts: A Minireview. Hindawi publisher corporation, Psyche-volume 2011, article ID 741769-16 pages. Doi: 10.1155/2011/741769.
[18]
Steedman, A. (Ed) 1990: Locust Handbook. Natural Resources Institute, VI + 204 pp. 3rd edition. ISBN 0-85954-281-5.
[19]
Symmons P. M and K. Cressman (2001): Desert locust guidelines, Biology and Behaviour. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Second edition 2001.
[20]
USAID (1990): Supplemental Environmental Assessment (SEA) for USAID Funding of Locust or Grasshopper Pesticide Usages in Sudan.
[21]
Vogt, K. (1995): A field Workers Guide to the Identification, Propagation and Uses of Common Trees and Shrubs of Dry land Sudan. SOS Sahel International, London. Khartoum, Sudan.
