Effects of Three Different Concentrations of Vermicompost on the Growth in the with 2+0 Aged Seedlings of Anatolian Black Pine
In the present study, effect of vermicompost, a product of Biohumus®, on the root collar diameter and height growth of 2+0 aged seedlings of Anatolian Black Pine growing in Bartin-Turkey was investigated. Seedlings were treated with three different concentrations of vermicompost solution from seed dibbling. Statistical comparison of morphologic data for treatments was performed using ANOVA test while the treatments were categorized using Duncan test. Compared to control, mean root collar diameter growth was found to be 21.5% larger in seedlings in VT1 treatment type (Vermicompost of 1:1000), 22.9% more in VT2 (Vermicompost of 1:500) and 24.1% more in VT3 (Vermicompost of 1:100) treatment type while height growth was 17.6% more in VT1 treatment, 19.2% more in VT2 and 19.5% more in VT3 treatment. Findings of the study were thought that Vermicompost can be used to obtain quality Black Pine seedlings in nurseries by developing root collar and plant height.
Vermicompost, Growth, Morphological Parameters, ANOVA, Black Pine, Turkey
[1]
General Directorate of Forestry, 2014. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs General Directorate of Forestry. Forestry of Turkish, Ankara. http://www.ogm. gov.tr. (Accessed: July 14, 2014).
[2]
Atalay İ., 2002. Ecoregions of Turkey. İzmir. TR: Ministry of Forestry Publication No. 163, 266 p.
[3]
Mirov N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus. Ronald Press, New York, 610 p.
[4]
Anonymous, 2013. Botanica. Random House (Gordon Cheers) Press, NSW Australia, pp. 681.
[5]
Richardson, D.M. 1998. Ecology and Biogeoraphy of Pinus, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, pp. 527.
[6]
Atalay İ., Efe R., 2012. Ecological attributes and distribution of Anatolian black pine [Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana Lamb. (Holmboe)] in Turkey. J. Environ. Biol., 33:509-519.
[7]
General Directorate of Forestry, 2011. The presence of forest in Turkey. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara: Printing Office, 160 p.
[8]
Öner N., Eren F., 2008. The comparisons between root collar diameter and height growth of pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings in Bolu Forest Nursery, Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 2:7-12.
[9]
Yücel E., 2000. Ecological properties of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana var. seneriana. Silvae Genetica, 49:264-277.
[10]
Çevik İ., 1996. The researches on storage in cold warehouse of black pine seedlings. Journal of Aegean Forestry Research Institute, 4:7-8.
[11]
Mataracı T., 2002. Trees. Tema Publications, İstanbul, No: 39, 371 p.
[12]
Yaltırık F., Efe A., 2000.Dendrology Handbook.University of Istanbul PublicationNo.4265, Faculty of Forestry Publication No. 465, ISBN 975–404–594-1.
[13]
Anşin R., Özkan Z. C., 1997. Plants with seed (Spermatophyta) woody taxons. Trabzon, TR: Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry Publication No. 19.
[14]
Şimşek Y., 1987. Problems of quality seedling usage in afforestation. Journal of Forestry Research Institute, 65:5-29.
[15]
Yılmaz H., 1988. Fertilization of nurseries and fixation question of some plant nutrient in nursery lands. Journal of Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, 1988:1-7.
[16]
Atik A., 2013a. Effects of planting density and treatment with vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.). Compost Science & Utilization, 21(2):87-98.
[17]
Atik A., 2013b. Effect of different concentrations of effective microorganisms (Baikal EM1) on the root collar diameter and height growth in the seedlings of Anatolian black pine [Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana Lamb. (Holmboe)]. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment (JFAE), 11(2):1300–1304.
[18]
Sinha R.K., Valani D., Soni B.K., Chandran V., 2011. Earthworm vermicompost. A sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers for organic farming. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 71 p.
[19]
Atiyeh R.M., Arancon N.Q., Edwards C.A., Metzger J.D., 2000. Influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of green house tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75:175-180.
[20]
Domínguez J., 2004. State of the art and new perspectives on vermicomposting research. Earthworm Ecology, 2nd edition, CRC Press LLC. pp. 401-424.
[21]
Turkish State Meteorological Service, 2013. Meteorological data of Bartın city. Available at: http://www.meteor.gov.tr. (Accessed: July14, 2013).
[22]
Ammosova Y.M., Skvortsova İ.N., Sadovnikova L.K, Zimina A.V., Rudakova İ.P., Yakimenko O.S., 1996. Microbiological properties of humic containing organic mineral fertilizers. Chemistry and Agriculture Industry, 6:8–12.
[23]
Shapoval O.A. 2003. The role of humic substances in pure ecological biosphere. Productivity, 1:7–15.
[24]
Avanoğlu B., Ayan S., Demircioğlu N., Sıvacıoğlu A., 2005. Evaluation of two years old seedlings of the Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe.) raised in Kastamonu-Taskopru Forest Nursery as to TSI quality classification. Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 5:73-83.
[25]
Ürgenç S., Alptekin C.Ü., Dirik H., 1991. Produce and quality problems in our forest nursery. Ankara, TR: I. Seedling Symposium in Turkey.
[26]
Görücü Ö., Çağlar S,.1996. Root renovating (Regeneration) on deciduous seedlings after replaced. Journal of Poplar and Fast Growing Exotic Forest Trees Research Institute, 210:1-14.
[27]
Dirik H., 1991. Relations between some important seedling characteristic and success of planting in Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.), Ph. D. Thesis, İstanbul University Institute of Science, Department of Silviculture, İstanbul. TR.
[28]
Geodakian R.O., Erofeeva T.V. 1996. The effectiveness of using biohumus for growing plants under autonomous conditions. Aviakosm Ekolog Med., 30(3):39-43.
[29]
Ndegwa P.M.& Thompson S.A., 2001. Integrating composting and vermicomposting in the treatment and bioconversion of biosolids. Bioresource Technology, 76:107-112.
[30]
Argüello J.A., Ledesma A., Nunez S.B., Rodriguez C.H., Díaz Goldfarb M.D.C., 2006. Vermicompost effects on bulbing dynamics nonstructural carbohydrate content, yield, and quality of ‘Rosado Paraguayo’ garlic bulbs. Hortscience, 41(3):589-592.
[31]
Arancon N.Q., Edwards C.A., Bierman P., Welch C., Metzger J.D., 2004. Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology, 93:145-153.
[32]
Atiyeh R.M., Arancon N.Q., Edwards C.A., Metzger J.D., 2000. Influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of green house tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75:175-180.
[33]
Atiyeh R.M., Edwards C.A., Subler S., Metzger J.D., 2001. Pig manure vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium: Effects on physicochemical properties and plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 78:11-20.
[34]
Atiyeh R.M., Subler S., Edwards C.A.,Metzger J., 1999. Growth of tomato plants in horticultural media amended with vermicompost. Pedobiologia, 43:724-728.
[35]
Hashemimajd K., Kalbasi M., Golchin A., Shariatmadari H., 2004. Comparison of vermicompost and composts as potting media for growth of tomatoes. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 6:1107-1123.
[36]
Gutierrez-Miceli F.A., Santiago-Borraz J., Montes Molina J.A., Nafate C.C., Abdud-Archila M., Oliva Llaven M.A., Rincon-Rosales R., Deendoven L., 2007. Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Bioresource Technology, 98:2781-2786.
[37]
Arancon N.Q., Edwards C.A., Bierman P., Metzger J.D., Lucht C., 2005. Effects of vermicomposts produced from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste on the growth and yield of peppers in the field. Pedobiologia, 49:297-306.
[38]
Lazcano C., Revilla P., Malvar R.A., Dominguez J., 2011. Yield and fruit quality of four sweet corn hybrids (Zea mays) under conventional and integrated fertilization with vermicompost. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(7):1244-1253.
[39]
Gajalakshmi S., Abbasi S.A., 2004. Neem leaves as a source of fertilizer-cum-pesticide vermicompost. Bioresource Technology, 92:291-296.
[40]
Cabanas-Echevarría M., Torres–García A., Díaz-Rodríguez B., Ardisana E.F.H., Creme-Ramos Y., 2005. Influence of three bioproducts of organic origin on the production of two banana clones obtained by tissue cultures. Alimentaria, 369:111-116.
[41]
AcevedoI.C., Pire R., 2004. Effects of vermicompost as substrate amendment on the growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Interciencia, 29(5):274-279.
[42]
Arancon N.Q., Edwards C.A., Babenko A., Cannon J., Galvis P., Metzger J.D., 2008. Influences of vermicomposts, produced by earthworms and microorganisms from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste, on the germination, growth and flowering of petunias in the greenhouse. Applied Soil Ecology, 39:91-99.
[43]
Hidalgo P.R., Harkess R.L., 2002. Earthworm casting as a substrate amendment for Chrysanthemum Production. Hortscience, 37(7):1035-1039.
[44]
Atik A., 2014. Effect of different concentrations of vermicompost (Biohumus) on the root collar diameter and height growth in the seedlings of Anatolian Black Pine. Journal of Forests, 1(2):29-36.
[45]
Atik A., Yılmaz B., 2014. Effects of treatment with vermicompost on the some morphological and physiological characteristics of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 3(2014):42-55.
[46]
Lazcano C., Sampedro L., Zas R., Domínguez J., 2010a. Vermicompost enhances germination of the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). New Forest., 39: 387-400.
[47]
Lazcano C., Sampedro L., Zas R., Dominguez J. 2010b. Assessment of plant growth promotion by vermicompost in different progenies of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Compost Science & Utilization, 18:111-118.
[48]
Donald D.G.M., Visser L.B., 1989. Vermicompost as a possible growth medium for the production of commercial forest nursery stock. Appl. Plant Sci., 3:110-113.
[49]
Edwards C.A., Domínguez J., Arancon N.Q., 2004. The influence of vermicomposts on plant growth and pest incidence. In: S.H Shakir and W.Z.A. Mikhaïl, (Eds). Soil Zoology for Sustainable Development in the 21st century. (pp 397-420), Cairo.
[50]
Lazcano C., Arnold J., Tato A., Zaller J.G., Domínguez J., 2009. Compost and vermicompost as nursery pot components: Effects on tomato plant growth and morphology. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7:944-951.
