FTIR and GC-MS Analysis of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Jatropha tanjorensis</i> Leaves

Mayel Mida Habila; Ezeadina Arinze Festus; Daji Morumda; Ikwebe Joseph; Anih David Chinonso; Abu Michael Sunday

doi:7050241

Background and Objective: The exploitation of plants for food and as biopharmaceuticals to remedy diseases in traditional and herbal medicine has, over the years, raised concerns as they, at times, have negative side effects. This calls for proper phytoanalysis and screening of such plants, one of which is Jatrophha tanjorensis (J. tanjorensis), to ascertain their informed use. This research aimed at investigating the phytocomponents of Jatropha tanjoresis leaves. Materials and Methods: Fresh J. tanjorensis leaves were collected from around New Market, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Aqueous and ethanolic (70% and 95%) extracts of J. tanjorensis leaves were analyzed using GC-MS Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer system. Identification of functional groups in J. tanjorensis leaves (dried, powdered) was done using FT-IR spectroscope (Shimadzu, IR Affinity 1, Japan). Proximate analysis of the leaves was also by AOAC methods. Results: FT-IR analysis of J. tanjorensis leaves revealed the presence of phytochemicals like alkanes, alkenes, alkyls, alkyl halides, alkynes, saturated aliphatic esters, primary amines, aromatics, nitro compounds, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines. From the GC-MS analyses, the aqueous extract had the highest number (51 phytochemicals) of phytochemicals, followed by 95% ethanolic exract (up to 31 phytochemicals), and lastly 95% ethanolic extact (up to 26 phytochemicals). However, the phytochemicals varied considerably from extract to extract both in nature/type and in abundance. Proximate results obtained are moisture content (0.65%), ash (9.8%), crude protein (38.56%), fat (19.60%), crude fibre (18.71%) and carbohydrate (12.68%). Conclusion: J. tanjorensis leaves are a recommendable source of useful bioactive components and other phytochemicals that can be exploited, probably by chemically modifications, as pharmaceuticals/drugs. We recommend, therefore, the use of J. tanjorensis leaves as part of diet.

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