Comparative Efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus and Psidium guajava Powders as Poison against Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) in Stored Maize Grains
[1]
Chidi Emmanuel Akunne, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
[2]
Gladys Nneka Chima, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
[3]
Benjamin Uzonna Ononye, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
[4]
Kasarachi Patricia Okafor, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
The study was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal actions of two common plant powders on maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais on maize grains. The plant species studied were Psidium guajava (guava) and Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass). The test powders were applied separately on maize grains at various concentrations of control, 2 g, 4 g and 6 g. All powders concentrations test caused higher mortality than control group. The insecticidal effect of the test powders was found to be dose dependent. The mortality of adult S. zeamais in maize grains treated with these common plant powders was higher than the control group. The results showed that there was significant difference only in the highest concentration (6 g) of C. citratus and the control (P<0.05). The two test powders are both cheap and safer for human consumption hence is recommended to be used as maize protectants in storage. Further studies on the packaging and sales of these plant powders for easy accessibility to farmers and consumers of maize is also suggested.
Effects, Poison, Guava, Lemon Grass, Zea mays
[1]
Asawalam, E. F. and Emosairue, S. O. (2006). Comparative efficacy of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Pirimiphos methyl as Poison against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 5(5): 1536 – 1545.
[2]
Musa, A.K. and Adewale, S.O. (2014). Peel and leaf powders of three fruits and a vegetable as promising botanicals against bean beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus F. in stored cowpea. Res. J. Agric. Environ. Manage, 3(10):506-510
[3]
Parugrug, A. M. and Roxas, C. (2008). Insecticidal action of Five Plants against Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Science and Technology Journal, 8(1): 24 – 38.
[4]
Suleiman, M. and Yusuf, M. A. (2011). The Potential of Some Plant Powders as Biopesticides against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Stored Grains: A Review. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(2): 204 – 207
[5]
Guria, P. (2006). Physico-Chemical Properties, Nutritional Quality and Value Addition to Quality Protein Maize (Zea Mays L.). Thesis Submitted to the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For The Degree of Master of Home Science in Food Science and Nutrition Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad December, 2006, 70p.
[6]
Siwale V, Mbata, k., Mcrobert, J. and Lungu, D. (2009). Comparative resistance of improved maize genotypes and landraces to maize weevil. African Crop Science Journal, 17(1): 1 – 16.
[7]
Gopalan, C., Sastri, R. B. V. and Balasubramanian, S.C. (1999). Nutritive value of Indian foods. NIN, ICMR, Hyderabad.
[8]
Prasanna, B. M., Vasal, S. K., Benkassahun, B. and Singh, N. N. (2001). Quality Protein Maize. Current Science, 81(10): 1308-1318.
[9]
Oladejo, J. A. and Adetunji M. O. (2012). Economic Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Production in Oyo State of Nigeria. Agricultural Science Research Journals, 2(2):77-83.
[10]
IITA (2001). International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State. Annual Report on Maize Production.
[11]
Iram, N., Arshad M. and Akhter, N. (2013). Evaluation of Botanical and Synthetic Insecticide for the Control of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). BioAssay, 8(3):1-10.
[12]
Akunne C. E., Afonta C. N., Mogbo T. C., Ononye B. U. and Ngenegbo U. C.(2014c) Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mixed Powders of Piper guineense and Zingiber officinale against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). American Journal of Biology and Life Sciences, 2(2):63-67.
[13]
Akunne C. E., Ezu V. A, Mogbo T. C., Ononye B. U. and Ngenegbo U. C. (2014d) Comparative Evaluation of the Root Powder of Lonchocarpus cyanescens for the Control of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) in Maize and Wheat. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(2):53-56.
[14]
Akunne C. E, Ononye, B.U. and Mogbo T. C. (2013). Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mixed Leaf Powders of Vernonia amygdalina (L.) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) Against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Adv. Biosci. Bioengin. 1(2):86-95.
[15]
Akunne C. E., Obiefuna O.I. and Ononye B. U. (2014a). Lethal effects of Anarcadium occidentale (L.), Carica papaya (L.) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) leaf powders on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in rice grains. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2 (6): 144-146.
[16]
Akunne, C. E, Ononye, B.U, Mogbo, T. C and Ngenegbo, U. C. (2014b). Evaluation of Zingiber officinale (Schum and Thonn) and Piper guineense (Roscoe) Powders for the Control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). American Journal of Life Science Researches, 2(3): 342-348
[17]
Akunne, C. E.; Ononye, B. U and Ojemro, R. T. (2014e). Mixed Application of Peel and Leaf Powders of Two Common Fruits as Wheat Grain Protectant against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Discourse Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2(12): 309-313.
[18]
Aggarwal, K. K., A. K. Tripathi, V. Prajapati, and S. Kumar (2001). Toxicity of 1, 8- cineole toward three species of stored product coleopterans. Ins. Sci. Applicat., 21: 155–160
[19]
Isman, M. B. (2000). Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop. Protect. 19: 603-608.
[20]
Kordali, S., I. Aslan, O. Calmasur and A. Cadir (2006). Toxicity of essential oils isolated from three Artemisia species and some of their major components to granary weevil, Sitophilus granaries (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Indust. Crop. Prod., 23: 162-170.
[21]
Lee, B. H., P. C. Annis, F. Tumaalii and W.S. Choi (2004). Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from the Myrtaceae family and 1, 8-cineole against 3 major stored-grain insects. J. Stor. Prod. Res., 40: 553–564.
[22]
Akhtar, M. Arshad, M.,Raza, ABM, Chaudhary, Ml, Iram, N, Akhtar, N, and Mahmood, T (2013). Repellent Effects of Certain Plant Extracts against Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Int. J. Agric. Appl. Sci. l. 5(1): 69-73
[23]
Simões, C. M. O.; V. Spitzer. (2004). Óleos Voláteis, p. 467–495. In: Simões, C. M. O.; E. P. Schenkel; G. Gosmann; J. P. C. Mello; L. A. Mentz; P. R. Petrovik. (orgs.). Farmacognosia: da planta ao medicamento. Porto Alegre, Editora da UFSC, 821 p.
[24]
Vartak, P., H. Tun Gikar V. B and Sharma, R. N. (1994). Comparative repellent properties of certain chemicals against mosquitoes house flies and cockroaches using modified techniques. Journal of Community Diseases 26: 156–160.
