Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
The Use of Energy Values in the Environmental Assessment of Buildings
Current Issue
Volume 3, 2018
Issue 4 (August)
Pages: 30-40   |   Vol. 3, No. 4, August 2018   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 55   Since Sep. 13, 2018 Views: 1103   Since Sep. 13, 2018
Authors
[1]
Amal Kamal Mohammed Shamseldin, Department of Architecture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract
For a long time, money was the basic value to express any product, work, or consumption. The environment is a system of interactions and several components that are related to each other and can’t be separated. The environmental balance is the best way to describe the right environmental relations that exist by default if no human disturbance, and should be achieved. To determine environmental balance achievement using monetary terms, the environment components become commodities, and nothing indicate their whole role they were created for, besides their impact and relations to the other environmental components, for example; the waste cost value is zero in spite of its negative impact on the environment. The research encourages the use of energy values to express the environmental components and achievements towards sustainability, as it relates the inputs and the outputs into certain cycles, and can express the environmental balance through the law of energy conservation. Sustainability, then, can be expressed as a zero energy result. Building environmental assessment methods had emerged to help buildings being sustainable, but researches whom studied developing these methods quickly turned to study the way of minimizing the cost of their achievement, rather than their environmental benefits over the time, considering that many important assessment credits depend mainly on the achieved economic savings. The aim of the research is to encourage the use of energy values in the building environmental assessment methods instead of monetary values. Thus, this research paper focuses on the differences between money and energy as values of expressing the building environmental efficiency. A comparative analysis was used to do so.
Keywords
Sustainable Development, Environmental Equilibrium, Energy Conservation, Environmental Assessment Methods of Buildings, Exergy
Reference
[1]
United States Green Building Council (USGBC). LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. USGBC Inc.; updated 2018. http://greenguard.org/uploads/images/LEEDv4forBuildingDesignandConstructionBallotVersion.pdf
[2]
Building Research Establishment (BRE). BREEAM UK New construction: non-domestic buildings. Technical manual, SD5078. BRE Global Ltd.; 2018. https://tools.breeam.com/filelibrary/Consultations/SD5078_DRAFT-UK_nondom_NC_2018-manual.pdf
[3]
Matthiessen, Lisa Fay - Morris, Peter. Costing Green: A comprehensive cost database and budgeting methodology. Davis Langdon; 2004. https://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Resources/Cost_of_Green_Full.pdf
[4]
Kats, Gregory H. Green Buildings Costs and Financial Benefits. USA for Massachusetts Technology Collaborative; 2003. https://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Member_Resource_Docs/GreenBuildingspaper.pdf
[5]
Mapp, Chad – Nobe, MaryEllen C. - Dunbar, Brian, The Cost of LEED —An Analysis of the Construction Costs of LEED and Non-LEED Banks. The Journal of Sustainable Real Estate (JOS R E). Vol. 3, No. 1. American Real Estate Society; 2011. pp. 254-273. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24860591
[6]
Syphers, Geof – Baum, Mara – Bouton, Darren – Sullens, Wesley. Managing the Cost of Green Buildings: K-12 Public Schools Research Laboratories Public Libraries Multi-family Affordable Housing. California State and Consumer Services Agency and Alameda County Waste Management Authority; 2003. https://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs5049.pdf
[7]
Park, Jae-Yong – Choi, Sul-Geon – Kim, Da-Kyung – Jeong, Min-Chul – Kong, Jung-Sik. Credit Optimization Algorithm for Calculating LEED Costs, Sustainability 2017. Volume 9, Issue 9; 2017. doi: 10.3390/su909. 1607 http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/9/1607
[8]
Khalil, Essam E. Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Green Buildings: Codes & Standards. 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition 4 - 7 January 2010, Orlando, Florida. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2010. AIAA-2010-0803. http://highorder.berkeley.edu/proceedings/aiaa-annual-2010/paper0644.pdf
[9]
Gurgun, Asli Pelin – Polat, Gul – Damci, Atilla – Bayhan, Hasan Gokberk. Performance of LEED energy credit requirements in European Countries. Creative Construction Conference 2016, CCC 2016, 25-28 June 2016, Procedia Engineering 164; 2016. 432 – 438. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311360962_Performance_of_LEED_Energy_Credit_Requirements_in_European_Countries
[10]
Akadiri, Peter O. - Chinyio, Ezekiel A. - Olomolaiye, Paul O. Design of A Sustainable Building: A Conceptual Framework for Implementing Sustainability in the Building Sector. Buildings, 2. doi: 10.3390/buildings2020126, ISSN 2075-5309; 2012. 126-152. file:///C:/Users/amal_/Downloads/buildings-02-00126.pdf
[11]
Ruuska, Antti – Häkkinen, Tarja. Material Efficiency of Building Construction, Buildings, 4, doi: 10.3390/buildings4030266, ISSN 2075-5309; 2014. 266-294. file:///C:/Users/amal_/Downloads/buildings-04-00266%20(1).pdf
[12]
Syphers, Geof P. E. - Sowell, Arnold M. Jr - Ludwig, Ann – Eichel, Amanda. Managing the Cost of Green Buildings. US Green Building Council; 2004. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/31775315/managing-the-cost-of-green-buildings-us-green-building-council
[13]
Steven Winter Associates, Inc. GSA LEED Cost Study - Final Report. U.S. General Services Administration; October 2004. https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/GSA/gsaleed.pdf
[14]
Northbridge Environmental Management Consultants. Analyzing the Cost of Obtaining LEED Certification. The American Chemistry Council; April 16, 2003. https://greenbuildingsolutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/LEED-Cost-Analysis-Report.pdf
[15]
Alpin Limited, LEED Costs: Benefits and ROI (Energy, Water, CapEx, Health and Productivity); 2016/2017. https://media.alpinme.com/pws/LEED-Costs-Benefits-ROI1.pdf
[16]
Lazar, Jim – Colburn, Ken – Farnsworth, Dave – Hausauer, Brenda – James, Chris – Lamont, Dave – Shenot, John. Recognizing the Full Value of Energy Efficiency: (What’s Under the Feel-Good Frosting of the World’s Most Valuable Layer Cake of Benefits). RAP publications, Energy solutions for a changing world; September 2013. http://climateandenergy.org/admin_upload/EE/RAP_LazarColburn_LayerCakePaper_2013_Sept_9.pdf
[17]
Keen, James. Calculating and Projecting: Avoided Costs to Comply with New RCA Regulations. AKT; April 27, 2016. http://www.akruralenergy.org/2016/2016_REC_Calculating_and_Projecting_Avoided_Costs_to_Comply_with_New_RCA_Regulations-James_Keen.pdf
[18]
World Energy Council. World Energy Resources: E-storage: Shifting from cost to value Wind and solar applications. World Energy Council; 2016. https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Resources-E-storage-report-2016.01.14_final_version.pdf
[19]
Vezzoli, Carlo - Manzini, Ezio. Design for environmental sustainability. Springer-Verlag London Limited. DOI 10.1007/978-1-84800-163-3; 2008. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781848001626
[20]
D’Antonio, Peter C., Costs and Benefits of Commissioning LEED-NC Buildings, National Conference on Building Commissioning; May 2-4, 2007. https://www.bcxa.org/ncbc/2007/proceedings/DAntonio_NCBC2007.pdf
[21]
Birnie, Patricia – Boyle, Alan – Redgwell, Catherine. International Law and the Environment. Third Edition. Oxford University Press; 2009. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/international-law-and-the-environment-9780198764229?cc=eg&lang=en&
[22]
HISTECON Associates, Inc. Utility Avoided Costs in Arkansas: Present and Future Implications For Developing Renewable Energy. Arkansas Advanced Energy Association & Arkansas Advanced Energy Foundation Little Rock, Arkansas; May 2012. https://arkansasadvancedenergyfoundation.org/files/dmfile/UtilityAvoidedCostinArkansasFinalUPDATED.pdf
[23]
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Indian Energy. Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Office of Indian energy; 2015. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f25/LCOE.pdf
[24]
Aburto, Victor Hugo Borja – Castillo, José Alberto Rosales – Meza, Victor Manuel Torres – Corey, Germán - Gustavo Fernández, Olaíz. Evaluation of Health Effects of Pollution; 2001. https://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/2053205.pdf
[25]
Gundersen, Truls. An Introduction To The Concept Of Exergy And Energy Quality. Energy and Process Engineering. Version 3; November 2009. http://www.ivt.ntnu.no/ept/fag/tep4120/innhold/Exergy%20Light%20Version%203.pdf
[26]
Stougie, L. - Kooi, H. J. van der, The Relation Between Exergy And Sustainability According To Literature. The 2nd International Exergy, Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Workshop & Symposium (ELCAS2). Nisyros Island, Greece; 19 - 21 June 2011. 590-597. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.462.3887&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[27]
Roderick, Ya, McEwan, David, Wheatley, Craig, and Alonso, Carlos, 2009, “Comparison of Energy Performance Assessment between LEED, BREEAM and Green Star”, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Integrated Environmental Solutions Limited, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/bs2009/bs09_1167_1176.pdf
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved