Effect of Tree Locust Infestation and Artificial Defoliation on Viscosity and Optical Rotation of Gum Arabic Produced from Acacia Senegal
[1]
Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobied, Sudan.
[2]
El Sayed El Bashir Mohamed, Crop Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
[3]
Ammna Ahmed Hamid, Remote Sensing Authority, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
The present study was conducted in two locations in Acacia Agricultural Company (Nawa and Elrahad locations) for three successive seasons; 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010), 37 km south east of El Obeid city, North Kordofan State. The objective is to access the effect of tree locust infestation (natural defoliation) and artificial defoliation on gum arabic quality. Experiments were conducted, where four blocks were chosen randomly, and the following treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design: control (no defoliation), light natural defoliation (LND), moderate natural defoliation (MND), high natural defoliation (HND), light artificial defoliation (LAD), moderate artificial defoliation (MAD) and high artificial defoliation (HAD). Trees in all treatments were tapped and the gum was collected. The results revealed that in both natural and artificial defoliation the mean values of gum viscosity at different blocks and treatments for all seasons decreased at all levels of defoliation compared to the control. In all levels of defoliation, gum viscosity was higher in artificial defoliation than in natural defoliation. Defoliation reduced gum viscosity and the reduction was statistically significant (P≤0.001) between all means except between light natural defoliation and light artificial defoliation. The correlation between all levels of defoliation and gum viscosity is shown in Appendix 1. There was a negative correlation between all levels of defoliation and gum viscosity which arranged from - 0.94 to - 0.99 for natural and artificial levels of defoliation, respectively. Results show that the means of gum specific optical rotation at different blocks and treatments were negative values. Defoliation reduced gum specific optical rotation but there was no significant difference between means in all treatments.
Tree Locust, Defoliation, Acacia Senegal, Gum Viscosity, Optical Rotation
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