Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption in Local Populations: Survey Results and Lunch-n-Learn Intervention
[1]
Yanyan Li, College of Science and Humanities, Husson University, Bangor, USA.
[2]
Sarah Levin Martin, Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, Husson University, Bangor, USA.
[3]
Haiyan Su, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, USA.
Consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of cancer. The objectives of this study were to develop a Cruciferous Vegetable Food Frequency Questionnaire (CVFFQ), administer the questionnaire to assess the cruciferous vegetable consumption of the local population (phase one), and develop a lunch-n-learn style intervention and measure its impact using the CVFFQ (phase two). For phase one, we used a cross-sectional design to distribute the survey link, and there were 449 respondents. Broccoli was the most commonly consumed cruciferous vegetable; followed by cauliflower, green cabbage, kale, and Brussel sprouts. In terms of cooking with water, majority did not consume the water they cooked with. For phase two, we held th ree lunch-n-learn events (45 participants in total) and administered pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. We used SPSS to summarize the descriptive characteristics of the participants and their cruciferous vegetable consumption patterns. For pre- and post-intervention comparisons, we used R to perform paired t-tests for comparing the mean number of servings pre- and post-intervention and Chi-square tests to detect differences in the cooking method used. Following the intervention, servings of cauliflower per week (p=0.031) and red radish per week (p=0.086) increased; and the method of cooking Brussel sprouts changed (p=0.026).
Cruciferous Vegetables, Focused Food Frequency Questionnaire, Intervention, Local Population, Cancer, Survey
[1]
Fuentes F, Paredes-Gonzalez X, Kong A. Dietary Glucosinolates Sulforaphane, Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Indole-3-Carbinol/3, 3'-Diindolylmethane: Anti-Oxidative Stress/Inflammation, Nrf2, Epigenetics/Epigenomics and In Vivo Cancer Chemopreventive Efficacy. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2015; 1 (3): 179-196. doi: 10.1007/s40495-015-0017-y.
[2]
Zhang X, Shu XO, Xiang YB, et al. Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of total and cardiovascular disease mortality. Am J Clin Nut., 2011; 94 (1): 240-246. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009340.
[3]
Johnston, C. S., Taylor, C. A., & Hampl, J. S. (2000). More Americans are eating "5 a day" but intakes of dark green and cruciferous vegetables remain low. J Nutr. 2000; 130 (12): 3063-3067.
[4]
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Prevalance and Trend Data. Avaliable at https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/index.html. Accessed 6/3/2017.
[5]
Van Poppel, G., Verhoeven, D. T., Verhagen, H., & Goldbohm, R. A. (1999). Brassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms. Adv Exp Med Biol, 1999; 472: 159-168.
[6]
Clarke JD, Dashwood RH, Ho E. Multi-targeted prevention of cancer by sulforaphane. Cancer Lett. 2008; 269 (2): 291-304. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.018.
[7]
Chung FL, Conaway CC, Rao CV, Reddy BS. Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci in Fischer rats by sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate. Carcinogenesis. 2000; 21 (12): 2287-2291.
[8]
Fahey JW, Haristoy X, Dolan PM, et al., Sulforaphane inhibits extracellular, intracellular, and antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori and prevents benzo [a] pyrene-induced stomach tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 28; 99 (11): 7610–7615. doi: 10.1073/pnas.112203099.
[9]
Jackson SJ, Singletary KW. Sulforaphane: a naturally occurring mammary carcinoma mitotic inhibitor, which disrupts tubulin polymerization. Carcinogenesis. 2004; 25 (2): 219-227. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgg192.
[10]
Kallifatidis G, Rausch V, Baumann B, Apel A, et. al. Sulforaphane targets pancreatic tumour-initiating cells by NF-kappaB-induced antiapoptotic signalling. Gut. 2009; 58 (7): 949-963. doi: 10.1136/gut.2008.149039.
[11]
Li Y, Zhang T, Korkaya H, et. al. Sulforaphane, a dietary component of broccoli/broccoli sprouts, inhibits breast cancer stem cells. Clin Cancer Res, 2010; 16 (9): 2580-2590. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2937.
[12]
Singh AV, Xiao D, Lew KL, Dhir R, Singh SV. Sulforaphane induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cultured PC-3 human prostate cancer cells and retards growth of PC-3 xenografts in vivo. Carcinogenesis. 2004; 25 (1), 83-90. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgg178.
[13]
Thomson CA, Newton TR, Graver EJ., et al. Cruciferous vegetable intake questionnaire improves cruciferous vegetable intake estimates. J Am Diet Assoc, 2007; 107 (4): 631-643. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.01.016.
[14]
Vallejo F, T.-B. F., Garcia-Viguera C. Glucosinolates and vitamin C content in edible parts of broccoli florets after domestic cooking. Eur Food Res Technol. 2002; 215: 310-316.
[15]
National Cancer Institute. Cruciferous Vegetables and Cancer Prevention. 2012. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cruciferous-vegetables-fact-sheet. Accessed March, 2016.
[16]
University of Maine Cooperative Extension. Vegetables and Fruits for Health: Broccoli and Cauliflower (2008). Available at https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/4177e/ Accessed March, 2016.
[17]
University of Maine Cooperative Extension. Vegetables and Fruits for Health: Brussels Sprouts and Cabbage (2008). Available at https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/4182e/ Accessed March, 2016.
[18]
Wiseman M. The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008; 67 (3): 253-256. doi: 10.1017/S002966510800712X.
[19]
Ko LK, Rodriguez E, Yoon J, Ravindran R, Copeland WK. A Brief Community-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Combined With Food Baskets Can Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Low-Income Latinos. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2016; 48 (9): 609-617 e601. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.06.010.
[20]
Whatnall MC, Patterson AJ, Ashton LM, Hutchesson MJ. Effectiveness of brief nutrition interventions on dietary behaviours in adults: A systematic review. Appetite. 2018; 120: 335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.017.
