Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals and Physiochemical Properties of Domestic Water Sources in Esan, Edo State, Nigeria
Current Issue
Volume 3, 2018
Issue 1 (January)
Pages: 14-20   |   Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2018   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 18   Since Jan. 25, 2018 Views: 1071   Since Jan. 25, 2018
Authors
[1]
Dic-Ijiewere O. Ebenezer, Department of Chemical Pathology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[2]
Okogun Godwin R. A., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[3]
Iweka K. Friday, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[4]
Airhomwanbor O. Kingsley, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[5]
Iyere O. Starry-Destiny, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
Abstract
Heavy metals are relatively dense metals noted for their potential toxicity. This work was designed to determine the physiochemical properties and heavy metals levels in domestic water sources in “Esan” commonly referred to as Esanland in Edo State, Nigeria. These water sources serve as the sources of drinking and general domestic water sources for the people. Concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Arsenic (As) as well as pH, Sulphate and Nitrate were determined in the Borehole water, River water and water from Rain fall on metal roofing sheets collected into ground water-storage tanks in the upper and lower plateau, in Esan Edo State, Nigeria. Water from the Ikogosi Warm spring (IKWS) Ekiti State served as control. Results of the analysis showed that Arsenic and Mercury levels were below the detectable limit. Pb concentration in the upper plateau river was significantly higher (0.02 ± 0.00; P=0.02) in comparison with the controls, nitrate was significantly higher for River in the lower plateau and upper plateau. And Sulphate also was significantly higher for Borehole samples from Irrua (4.19 ± 0.35; p = 0.04) and Uromi (5.12 ± 2.93; p=0.01). Cd and Ni levels were not significant.
Keywords
Water, Heavy Metals, Esan, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Nickel
Reference
[1]
Gleick, P. H. (ed) (1993): Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh water Resources. Oxford University Press. p. 13.
[2]
Banfalui, G. (2011): “Heavy metals, trace elements and their Cellular effects”. In Banfalui, G. Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals. Springer. Pp.3-28. ISBN 9789400704275.
[3]
Baldwin, D. R. and Marshall, N. J. (1999): “Heavy metal poisoning and its Laboratory Investigations”. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 36(3): 267-300.
[4]
World Health Organization (WHO). (2004): Geneva, Switzer land. Joyce Morrissey Donohue, Charles O. Abernathy, Peter Lassovszky, George Hallberg. "The contribution of drinking-water to total dietary intakes of selected trace mineral nutrients in the United States."
[5]
Fufeyin, T. P. and Egborge A. B. M. (1998): Heavy metals of Ikpoba River, Benin, Nigeria. Tropical Freshwater Biology, 7:27-36.
[6]
Segynola, A. A. (2015): An Overview of the Esan Plateau. Jotameruyi Eco-development Centre, Ekpoma, Edo State. Nigeria.
[7]
Akinbode, A. (1983): The Geography of Ekpoma. Ekpoma: Bendel State University Press. Pp 21-35.
[8]
Ezemonye, L. I. N. and Enuneku, A. (2005): Evaluation of acute toxicity of Cadmium and Lead to Amphibian Tadpole (Toad: Bufomaculates and Frog: Ptychadenabibroni). Journal of Aquatic Science. 20(1):33-36.
[9]
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1986): Quality Criteria for Water. United States Environmental Protection Agency office of Water Regulations and Standards.
[10]
NGSA (2006): Geological Map of Nigeria, Nigeria Geological Survey Agency, Abuja.
[11]
John, D. S. (1991): Minimum Sample Size for Water Analysis. Wild land Water Quality Sampling and Analysis. Elsevier. Pp 204.
[12]
Gochman, N. (2004): “Arnold O. Beckham, PhD (1900-2004)”. Clinical Chemistry. 50(8):1468.
[13]
Walsh, A. (1955): The application of atomic absorption spectra to chemical analysis. Spectrochim. Acta.7.108-117.
[14]
WHO/FAO/IAEA (1996): World Health Organization. Switzerland: Geneva; Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health.
[15]
Ezomo, F. O., Biose, O., and Ajieh, M. U. (2013): Evaluation of Ground Water in Uromi, Edo State Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research; 4:ISSN2229-5518.
[16]
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1999): Public Health Service. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Toxicological Profile for Lead.
[17]
Kaul, B., Sandhu, R. S., Depratt, C., and Reyes, F. (1999): Follow-up screening of lead-poisoned children near an auto battery recycling plant, Haina, Dominican Republic. Environ Health Perspective. 107 (11):917-920.
[18]
Ong, C. N., Phoon, W. O., Law, H. Y., Tye, C. Y., and Lim, H. H. (1985): Concentrations of lead in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 60:756-759.
[19]
Huel, G., Tubert, P., Frery, N., Moreau, T. and Dreyfus, J. (1992): Joint effect of gestational age and maternal lead exposure on psychomotor development of the child at six years. Neurotoxicology.13:249-254.
[20]
Apostoli, P., Kiss, P., Stefano, P., Bonde, J. P. and Vanhoorne, M. (1998): Male reproduction toxicity of lead in animals and humans. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 55: 364-374.
[21]
Bush, D. and Meyer, M. (1982): A case of infertile methaemoglobinaemia in South Dakota. Journal of Environmental Health. 44: 310-311.
[22]
Uba, B. N. and O. Aghogho, O. (2001): Rainwater Quality from Different Roof Catchments in Port-Harcourt District. Institute Public Analyst of Nigeria News, Nigeria, pp:11-14.
[23]
DAWF. (1996): South Africa Water Quality Guideline: Domestic Water Use .2nd Edn., Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria.
[24]
Brian, O. (2014): Professional Geologist Water Research Center. Environmental Consultants. Inc. 15 Hillcrest Drive, Dallas, PA 18612.
[25]
Lowrance, R. (1992): "Groundwater Nitrate and Denitrification in a Coastal Plain Riparian Forest, "Journal of Environmental Quality. Pp. 401-405.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved