Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Commercial Fish Species from Local Markets in Khartoum State
[1]
Abdel Raheam H. A. El-Bassir, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
[2]
Dina I. M. Alim, Environment and Natural Resources Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.
[3]
Amel A. M. Mahjoub, Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
[4]
Asma M. Ahmed, Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
[5]
Eshtiag M. Ahmed, Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
[6]
Naba A. El-Nour, Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
[7]
Ysra O. Ahmed, Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
The contamination of freshwaters with a wide range of pollutants has become a matter of great concern over the last few decades. This study investigated the quantity of four heavy metals namely Lead (Pb), Cadmium(Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in fish gills muscles and bones, as well as estimating the hazard indices when consuming fish brought from local markets. The fish samples Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias lazera were purchased from three local markets Almourada, Jebel Aulia and Almarkazi. An atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine heavy metals. In general the pattern of accumulation of heavy metals in the two fish species was gills< muscles < bones. Results showed that Pb and Cu was found in substantial amounts when compared to Cd and Zn. Investigating the muscles as the edible part by consumers, results showed that Pb concentrations of fish species were found in concentrations higher than FAO/WHO standard level, while Cd and Zn concentrations in the tested fish were within permissible levels. Hazard index >1 for all four metals was recorded in the study, suggested that consumption of fish with the detected levels do not pose any health risk to humans. But due to the bioaccumulation and magnification of these heavy metals in humans, it was recommended that it is essential to safeguard levels of the metals in the environment.
Environmental Toxicity, Heavy Metals, Tilapia, Clarias, Khartoum, Sudan
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