An Underexploited Tropical Plant with Promising Economic Value and the Window of Opportunities for Researchers: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius
Many native leafy plants with potential as a traditional source of food have been neglected and underutilized. Largely this has been due to poor knowledge of their benefits. Of these leafy plants is Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Interestingly, this plant can thrive in a wide range of conditions both in arid and rainy regions with little need for care or extra fertility. It grows well on poor soil, easy to propagate, highly resistant to pests and diseases, with high production per square foot offering multiple uses raging from nutrition to medicinal. This work was undertaken to pull together the available scientific information on the phytochemistry, nutritional value, and medicinal/pharmacological uses of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius as well as identifying the future prospects of research on this plant. Twenty phyto-chemotypes with different therapeutic activities have been revealed in C. aconitifolius. Reports have shown that the plant has anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and hematopoietic activities, as well as exceptional nutritional value having two to threefold greater nutrient than most edible leafy green vegetables such as spinach, amaranth, Chinese cabbage, and lettuce. It contains most essential amino acids and vitamins like carotene and vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamine. Minerals such as P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe are in abundance. If properly harness, C. aconitifolius will present a nutritional food source that is cheap, readily available and affordable, holding promises in helping communities especially of the developing world tackle problems of malnutrition, hunger and food scarcity.
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