An Assessment of Indigenous Technology of Oil Palm Fruits Processing in Southern Nigeria
The development of an affordable indigenous oil palm fruits processing technology in Southern Nigeria is highly necessary to improve oil palm production. However, timely assessment of the levels of indigenous technology will elucidate the need for advancement. Sixteen traditional, small and large-scale processing oil palm mills were selected majorly from Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ondo and Edo states of Nigeria for this study. Their levels of technology were investigated by considering the existing numbers of unit operation, production time/cycle, man power requirement, throughput, efficiency, energy consumption, water utility capacity, biomass consumption and heat loss/cycle. Furthermore, machine characteristics were evaluated based on oil yield, throughput and extraction efficiency. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The average throughput, oil yield and extraction efficiency were 15.5 kg/hr, 12.5% and 62.5%; 45.5 kg/hr, 16.5% and 82.5%; 1150 kg/hr, 29.0%, and 90% for traditional, small and large-scale oil mills, respectively. These results showed that there is a wide gap between small-scale and large-scale oil palm fruit processing mills with respect to production capacity and technology. It was established that as the level of technology increased, machines characteristics increased with biomass consumptions, but conversely with man power requirement. The highly adopted traditional mill is un-mechanized, unfriendly and un-hygienic, while less adopted small-scale is characterized with un-hermetically sterilization and scattered installation. Hence, to enhance palm oil productivity in Southern Nigeria, small-scale mill must be up-graded to a synchronized medium-scale oil palm fruit processing mill.
Man Power Requirement, Throughput, Oil Yield, Extraction Efficiency and Synchronized Mill
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