Effects of Alcohol and Rohypnol Combination on the Liver Function of Adult Albino Rats
[1]
Airhomwanbor Kingsley Osayande, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[2]
Dic-Ijiewere Ebenezer Oseremen, Department of Chemical Pathology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[3]
Idehen Iyore Charles, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[4]
Osarobo Eseiwi, Department of Haematology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[5]
Igwe R. M. Ndubuisi, Edo State Hospital Management Board, Benin City, Nigeria.
[6]
Osatohanmwen Oghogho, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
This study was aimed at investigating the effect of alcohol and rohypnol on the liver function of Adult albino rats. This study involved 30 albino rats that were divided into five groups, A, B, C, D and E comprising of six (6) albino rats each. Group A served as the control and received only grower mash and water while Group B, C, D and E received 2ml of alcohol and 2ml of 0.5 mg. 1mg, 1.5mg, 2mg and 2.5mg of rohypnol respectively. Significantly lower weight value was obtained. The result obtained showed that alcohol and increasing doses of rohypnol did significantly affected; AST levels of test groups (B=63.0±6.74, C=78.0±7.69, D=109.33±16.65 and E=157.25±4.43) in comparison with control (A=45.0±5.29), mean ALP levels of the test group (B=64.33±9.42, C= 71.0±11.44, D=84.67±11.38 and E=93.0±5.59) when compared with the control group A (50.0±4.32), mean ALT levels of the test group (B=45.33±2.73, C=53.33±3.35, D=55.33±7.02 and E=69.5±5.97) when compared with the control group A (38.5±4.12). There was also a significant increase in the mean total bilirubin in the test group (B=0.48±0.12, C=0.83±0.15, D=1.07±0.15 and E=1.23±0.13) when compared with the control group A (0.38±0.1) and a complementary increase in the mean conjugated bilirubin in the test group (B=0.33±0.1, C=0.48±0.08, D=0.6±0.1 and E=0.9±0.12) when compared with the control group A (0.18±0.05). The results obtained in this study following the administration of alcohol and increasing dosage of rohypnol showed an increase in some liver enzyme markers indicating a significant level of liver damage.
Alcohol, Rohypnol, Liver, Wister Rat, Enzyme
[1]
Brust, J. C. M. (2010): "Ethanol and Cognition: Indirect Effects, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection: A Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7 (4): 1540–57.
[2]
Reusch, W. (2015): Nomenclature of Alcohols. chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/.
[3]
Charnley, S., Kress, E., Tielens, A. and Millar, J. (1995): “Interstellar Alcohols”. Astrophysical Journal. 448: 232.
[4]
French, S. W., Nash, J., Shitabata, P., Kachi, K., Hara, C., Chedid, A. and Mendenhall, C. L. (1993): Pathology of alcoholic liver disease. VA Cooperative Study Group. Seminars in Liver Disease. 13: 154-169.
[5]
Erika, A. and Janos, F. (2006): Table of Selected Analogue Classes. Part III of Analogue-based Drug Discovery Eds Janos Fischer, C. Robin Ganellin. John Wiley & Sons. Pg. 537.
[6]
Carson-DeWitt, R. (2001): Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior Vol. 1 (2nd edition). New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
[7]
Jenny, B. (2009). Landmark drugs: The discovery of benzodiazepines and the adverse publicity that followed. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 18. 2009.
[8]
CSAR (2013): Center for Substance Abuse Research. “Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)”Last Updated on Tuesday, October 29, 2013.
[9]
Abdel-Misih, Z. and Bloomston, M. (2010): "Liver Anatomy". Surgical Clinics of North America. 90 (4): 643–53.
[10]
Tortora, G. J. and Derrickson, B. H. (2008): Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (12th ed). John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 945. ISBN 978-0-470-08471-7.
[11]
Johnston, D. E. (1999): "Special considerations in interpreting liver function tests". Am Fam Physician; 59 (8): 2223–2230.
[12]
McClatchey, K. D. (2002): Clinicallaboratorymedicine. Lippincott Williamsand Wilkins. p. 288. ISBN978-0-683-30751-1.
[13]
O'Keefe, J. H., Bhatti, S. K., Bajwa, A., DiNicolantonio, J. J. and Lavie, C. J. (2014). "Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the dose makes the poison... or the remedy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 89 (3): 382–93.
[14]
Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. (1957): A colorimetric method for the determination of Aspartate aminotransferase and Alanine amino transferase activities in serum. Amer. J Clin Path; 28: 56.
[15]
Jendrassik, L., Gróf, P. (1938): Vereinfachtephotometrische MethodenzurBestimmung des Blutbilirubins. Biochem Zeitschrift. 297: 82-9.
[16]
Rec. Gscc (DGKC) (1972). Optimised Standard Colorimetric Methods. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 10: 182. www.eugenechen.com.tw/download/AP542.pdf
[17]
Klassen, R. W. and Persaud, T. V. N. (1978). Influence of alcohol on the reproductive system of the male rat. International Journal of Fertility. 23 (3): 176-184.
[18]
Suzuki, Y. and Cherian, G. M. (2000). Effect of Ethanol on Brain Metallothionein in Transgenic Mice. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research. 24 (3): 315-21.
[19]
Linnoila, M., Mattila, M. J. and Kitchell, B. S. (1979). Drug interactions with alcohol. Drugs. 18 (4): 299-311.
[20]
Adachi, U., Moore, L. E., Bradford, B. U., Gao, W. and Thurman, R. G. (1995): Antibiotics to prevent liver injury in rats following long-term exposure to ethanol. Gastroenterology. 108: 218-224.
[21]
Wannamethee, S. G. and Sharper, A. G. (2010). The role of alcohol and inflammation. Annual Clinical Biochemistry. 2010; 47: 321-326.
[22]
O’malley, S. S., Gueorguieva, R., Wu, R. and Jatlow, P. (2015). Acute alcohol consumption elevates serum bilirubin: an endogenous antioxidant. Pubmed: 25707709.
[23]
Pamela, M. P. (2013). How to drink without gaining weight. Hugar Fix.
