Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Reliability and Validity of Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire for Community Pharmacies in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania
Current Issue
Volume 2, 2015
Issue 6 (December)
Pages: 163-170   |   Vol. 2, No. 6, December 2015   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 64   Since Oct. 23, 2015 Views: 1633   Since Oct. 23, 2015
Authors
[1]
Tumbwene E. Mwansisya, Department of Public Health, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
[2]
Gwantwa C. M. Mwansisya, Department of Pharmacy, Mirembe Psychiatric Consultant Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ) for pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies in Tanzanian population. Method: Reliability was studied by means of sub-scales’ internal consistency as estimated by Cronbach’s alpha (α). Five relevant satisfaction dimensions were identified from PSQ. A moderate internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) = 0.7 was found for these dimensions, suggesting to be acceptable. Construct validity was assessed by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factory analysis (CFA). The CFA was performed using generalized least squares estimation to compare the current and the original 5-factor model of the scale, model fit is acceptable if x2/df < 2, adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI)>0.9, comparative fit index (>0.9, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) > 0.9, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)<0.04, and incremental fit index (IFI) > 0.9. Results: The questionnaire with 15 items was having a mean total score of 21.80 (5.969) with reliability as measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.7 for the total scale. Also the analysis of PSQ revealed five important construct dimensions including knowledge on medications, customer care, information sharing and education, monitoring the progress, and monitoring the outcome. The indexes for CFA were as follows: model fit (x2/df<0.001), CFI) = 1, GFI=1, and RMSEA=.208. Conclusion: The observed evidence of PSQ validation has provided acceptable reliability, internal structural validity, and content validity that agree with other studies that reported close similar psychometric properties. Therefore, the instrument is appropriate for application in assessment of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care in the community pharmacies.
Keywords
Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Care, Satisfaction, Questionnaire, Reliability, Validity
Reference
[1]
Blazejewski, L., Pinto, S., Vaidya, V. Gaither, C. 2013. Pharmacists’ Perceived Barriers Providing Non-Dispensing Services to Underserved Populations. J Community Health 38:812–822.
[2]
Bradbury, K., Aparicio, S. R., Sumner, D. W., Macfie, A., Sagar, P., Griffin, N. R., Bird, C. C., 1985. Comparison of in vitro demyelination and cytotoxicity of humoral factors in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Journal of the neurological sciences 70, 167-181.
[3]
Christensen, D. B., Farris, K. B. (2006). Pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies: practice and research in the US. Ann Pharmacother 40(7–8): 1400–1406.
[4]
Donabedian, A. (1966). Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 44(3): 166–206.
[5]
Donabedian, A. (1983). The quality of care in a health maintenance organization: a personal view. Inquiry 20: 218-22.
[6]
Ford RC, Bach S. A, Fottler, M. D. (1997). Methods of measuring patient satisfaction in health care organizations. Health Care Manag (Frederick); 22(2): 74–89.
[7]
Gourley, G. A, Duncan, D. V. (1998). Patient satisfaction and quality of life humanistic outcomes. Am J Manag Care.; 4(5): 746–52.
[8]
Grogan, S., Conner, M., Norman, P., Willits, D., Porter, I. (2000). Validation of a questionnaire measuring patient satisfaction with general practitioner services. Qual Health Care 9(4): 210–5.
[9]
Hepler, C. D., Strand, L. M. (1990). Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm 47: 533–43.
[10]
Kinget, R. (2000). Put community pharmacy on a brand new track. Int. Pharm J 14: 4–7.
[11]
Lane, J. S., Todd, K. E., Lewis, M. P., Gloor, B., Ashley, S. W., Reber, H. A., McFadden, D. W., Chandler, C. F. (1997). Interleukin-10 reduces the systemic inflammatory response in a murine model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Surgery 122, 288-294.
[12]
Larson L. N, Rovers, J. P, MacKeigan, L. D. (2002). Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care: update of a validated instrument. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash).42 (1): 44–50.
[13]
Little, P. (2001). Preferences of patients for a patient-centred approach to consultation in primary care: observational study. BMJ 322: 468-72.
[14]
Martin-Calero, M. J., Machuca, M., Murillo, M. D., Cansino, J., Gastelurrutia, M. A., Faus, M. J. (2004). Structural process and implementation programs of pharmaceutical care in different countries. Curr Pharm Des. 10(31): 3969–85.
[15]
Mendis, S., Fukino, K. A., Laing, R., Filipe, A Jr, Khatib, O., Leowski, J., Ewene, M. (2007). The availability and affordability of selected essential medicines for chronic diseases in six low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Org 85(4):279–287.
[16]
Merks, P., Kazmiercza, J., Olszewska, A. E. Häggström, M. K. (2014). Comparison of factors influencing patient choice of community pharmacy in Poland and in the UK, and identification of components of pharmaceutical care Patient Preference and Adherence (8) 715–726.
[17]
Mikael RL, Brown TR, Lazarus HL, Vinson MC (1975). Quality of pharmaceutical care in hospitals. Am J Hosp Pharm 32: 567–74.
[18]
Mira, J. J., Aranaz, J. (2000). Patient satisfaction as an outcome measure in health care. Med Clin (Barc). 114(Suppl 3): 26–33.
[19]
Naik Panvelkar, P., Saini, B., Armour, C. (2009). Measurement of patient satisfaction with community pharmacy services: a review. Pharm World Sci. 31(5): 525–37.
[20]
Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Heine RJ, Holman RR, Sherwin R, et al. (2006). Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjusment of Therapy. Diabetes Care 29(8).
[21]
Schommer JC, Kucukarslan SN. Measuring patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997; 54:2721-32.
[22]
Sitzia, J., Wood, N. (1997). Patient satisfaction: a review of issues and concepts. Soc Sci Med.; 45: 1829-43.
[23]
Sutharson, L., R. S. Hariharan and C. Vamsadhara, (2003). Drug utilization study in diabetology outpatient setting of a tertiary hospital. Indian J. Pharmacol., 35: 237-240.
[24]
Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
[25]
Traverso, M.L, Salamano, M., Botta, C., Colautti, M., Palchik Perez, B. (2007). Questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care in Spanish language. Int J Qual Health Care. 19(4):217–24.
[26]
United Nations Publication: Indicators for Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals. United Nations Development Group; 2003. Geneva.
[27]
Van Mil J.W., Schulz, M., Tromp, T. F. (2004). Pharmaceutical care, European developments in concepts, implementation, teaching, and research: a review. Pharm World Sci. 26(6): 303–11.
[28]
Ware JE, Snyder MK, Wright WR, et al. (1983). Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care. Eval Program Plan 6:247-63.
[29]
Ware, J. E., Snyder, M. K. (1975). Dimensions of patient attitudes regarding doctors and medical care services. Med Care.13 (8):669–82.
[30]
WHO Model formulary 2004. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. Available at: http://www.who.int/ Medicines.
[31]
WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines. Equitable access to essential medicines: a framework for collective action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. Available at: http://www.who.int/medicines/
[32]
Wiedenmayer, K. A., Kapologwe, Ntuli., Charles, J., Chilunda, F., Mapunjo S. (2015). The reality of task shifting in medicines management-a case study from Tanzania. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice (2015) 8:13.
[33]
Xu, T. K. (2002). Choice of and overall satisfaction with pharmacies among a community-dwelling elderly population. Med Care. 40(12): 1283–1293.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved