Subconscious Vs. Unconscious Learning: A Short Review of the Terms
[1]
Mehrdad Rezaee, Department of Foreign Languages, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
[2]
Majid Farahian, Department of ELT, College of Literature and Humanities, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
The issue of consciousness in its different forms has raised many controversies among scholars, both in definition and its role in learning, especially second/foreign language learning. In this article, an attempt has been made to have a short review of the terms ‘Unconscious’ Vs. ‘Subconscious’ both from scholarly and non-scholarly points of view and get the scholars’ idea about the terms together with a review of the role of these two terms in second/foreign language learning and the difference each would make in the outcome.
Subconscious, Unconscious, Foreign Language Learning, Second Language Learning
[1]
"Davies, P., & Pearse, E. (2000). Success in English teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[2]
Dewey, R. (2007). Unconscious learning. Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch03_states/unconscious_learning.html
[3]
Fisher, J. (2010). Conscious competence learning model: Stages of learning - unconscious incompetence to unconscious competence. Retrieved May 16, 2010, from http://www.businessballs.com/consciouscompetencelearningmodel.htm
[4]
Fregger, B. (2002). Subconscious learning. Retrieved May 16, 2010, from http://www.fregger.com/writing/subLearnAll.html
[5]
Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.
[6]
Krashen, S. D. (1988). Second language acquisition and second language learning. New York: Prentice Hall.
[7]
Longman dictionary of contemporary English (5thed.). (2009). Edinburgh: Pearson Education Ltd.
[8]
Macmillan English dictionary for advanced students (2nded.). (2007). Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
[9]
Malim, T., & Birch, A. (1998). Introductory psychology. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
[10]
Mihăilă-Lică, G. (2003). Suggestopedia: A wonder approach to learning foreign languages? Retrieved May 15, 2010, from www.actrus.ro/biblioteca/anuare/2003/Suggestopedia.pdf
[11]
Random House Webster’s unabridged dictionary(Ver. 2.2). (1999). Random House Inc.
[12]
Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nded.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
[13]
Smith, M. K. (1999). Learning theory: The encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved May 14, 2010, from www.infed.org/biblio/b-learn.htm
[14]
Taylor, E. (2007). Theoretical models of subliminal perception. Progressive Awareness Research. Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www.progressiveawareness.org/research_desk_reference/theoretical_models_subliminal_perception.html
[15]
Tek, P. (2007). Subconscious magic. Retrieved May 15, 2010, from http://www.psitek.net/books/Subconscious_Magic.pdf "
