Contradictions in Einstein’s Special Relativity Theory: Amending the Lorentz Transformation
[1]
Robert J. Buenker, Fachbereich C-Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Symmetric and asymmetric time dilation are defined. It is noted that the Lorentz transformation (LT) of Einstein's original theory of relativity predicts that time dilation is always symmetric, i.e. that two clocks can each be running slower than the other, whereas experimental studies have invariably found that it is always possible to determine which of two clocks is slower than the other. Moreover, consideration of Newton's law of inertia clearly indicates that two clocks in pure translation must have constant rates that are in fixed proportion to one another, thereby ruling out the occurrence of symmetric time dilation. It is concluded on this basis that the LT is invalid and needs to be replaced by another space-time transformation that is consistent with asymmetric time dilation. It is shown that there is another space-time transformation that also satisfies Einstein's two postulates of relativity, but one which assumes that clock rates in different rest frames are strictly proportional to one another. It is therefore in complete agreement with both Newton's First Law and the results of the above time-dilation experiments. It is also perfectly consistent with the clock-rate adjustment procedure applied to satellite clocks in the methodology of the Global Positioning System (GPS); hence the designation GPS-LT for this alternative space-time transformation. Unlike the original LT, the GPS-LT is consistent with the absolute remote simultaneity of events, and it eliminates the necessity of assuming that space and time are inextricably mixed. It also disagrees with the FitzGerald-Lorentz length-contraction predictions of the original theory, finding instead that isotropic length expansion always accompanies time dilation in a given rest frame.
Newton's First Law of Kinematics, Clock-Rate Proportionality, Lorentz Transformation (LT), Relativistic Velocity Transformation (RVT), Global Positioning System-LT (GPS-LT), Transverse Doppler Effect, Hafele-Keating Experiment, Universal Time-Dilation Law (UTDL)
[1]
A. Einstein, Ann. Physik 17, 891 (1905).
[2]
H. J. Hay, J. P. Schiffer, T. E. Cranshaw and P. A. Egelstaff, Phys. Rev. Letters 4, 165 (1960).
[3]
W. Kündig, Phys. Rev. 129, 2371 (1963).
[4]
D. C. Champeney, G. R. Isaak,and A. M. Khan, Nature 198, 1186 (1963).
[5]
J. C. Hafele and R. E. Keating, Science 177, 166 (1972).
[6]
J. C. Hafele and R. E. Keating, Science 177, 168 (1972).
[7]
R. J. Buenker, Apeiron 17, 99 (2010).
[8]
C. M. Will, Was Einstein Right?, Basic Books Inc., U.S, 1993, p. 272.
[9]
R. J. Buenker, Apeiron 19,218 (2012).
[10]
D. H. Perkins, Introduction to High Energy Physics, Addison-Wesley, London, 1972, p. 192.
[11]
W. Rindler, Essential Relativity, Springer Verlag, New York, 1977, p. 44.
[12]
T. E. Phipps, Jr., Old Physics for New, Apeiron, Montreal, 2006, p. 127.
[13]
A. Pais, ‘Subtle is the Lord…’ The Science and Life of Albert Einstein, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982, p. 124.
[14]
B. Greene, The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory, Vintage Books, 2000.
[15]
R. J. Buenker, Apeiron 19, 282 (2012).
[16]
R. J. Buenker, Phys. Essays 26, 494 (2013),
[17]
R. J. Buenker, Relativity Contradictions Unveiled: Kinematics, Gravitation and Light Refraction (Apeiron, Montreal, 2014), pp. 55-58.
[18]
R. J. Buenker, Relativity Contradictions Unveiled: Kinematics, Gravitation and Light Refraction (Apeiron, Montreal, 2014), p. 201.
[19]
A. Laub, T. Doderer, S. G. Lachenmann, R. P. Huebner and V.A. Oboznov, Phys. Rev. Letters 75, 1372 (1995).
[20]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction
[21]
L. de Broglie, Compt. Ren. 177, 507 (1923).
[22]
R. J. Buenker, Apeiron 20, 27 (2013).
[23]
W. H. E. Ives and G. R. Stilwell, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28, 215 (1938).
[24]
B. Rossi, N. H. Hilberry and J. B. Hoag, Phys. Rev. 56, 837 (1939).
[25]
R. T. Weidner and R. L. Sells, Elementary Modern Physics (Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1962), p. 410.
[26]
R. A. Serway and R. J. Beichner, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 5th Edition (Harcourt, Orlando, 1999), p.1262.
