Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Leaf and Stem Bark of Vitex doniana on Staphylococcus aureus
[1]
Ubandoma Andefiki, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
[2]
Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
[3]
Brown Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
[4]
Aregbe Elizabeth Adenike, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
[5]
Simon Shedrach, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
The aim of this study titled “antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaf and stem bark of Vitex doniana on Staphylococcus aureus” was to verify the pharmacological property of the plant for possible use in the remedy of diseases especially against antibiotic-resistant agents. It is widely suggested that a vast array of plants serve medicinal purposes without scientific proofs. Materials used for the study include culture media, spectrophotometer and other reagents. The plant sample was collected from within the environment of Federal University Wukari before the extraction of its materials using the cold maceration method. Phytochemical screening was done with the plant being found to contain bioactive substances such as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannins, cardiac glycosides, resins terpenes and steroids. The pH of both leaf and stem bark extracts was between 5 and 7. The extracts of the stem bark had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4000 μg/ml on S. aureus while the leaf extracts had MIC greater than 4000 μg/ml. From the spectrophotometric absorbance, it was seen that different concentrations of extracts had different degrees of antibacterial activity on the test organism. This implies that V. doniana has antibacterial activity on S. aureus and therefore suggests it can be used as an alternative remedy for treating bacterial diseases.
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