Aetiology of Congestive Heart Failure Among Paediatric Emergency Unit Admissions in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria
[1]
Rose Okwunu Abah, Department of Paediatrics, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria.
[2]
Adegboyega Olusegun Shogo, Department of Paediatrics, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria.
[3]
Joseph Othniel Dabit, Department of Paediatrics, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria.
[4]
Ruth Otelahu Adah, Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
[5]
Martha Omoo Ochoga, Department of Paediatrics, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Congestive heart failure is a cardiac emergency that is seen commonly among children with varying acute illnesses in the emergency room. Identifying the common illnesses that can present with congestive heart failure in a given environment would be a first step towards improved outcome. This study aim to determine the aetiologies and outcome of congestive heart failure among children admitted into the Emergency Paediatric Unit of Benue State University Teaching Hospital using a prospective study design. Children aged 1 month to 15 years old admitted into the emergency unit over a one year period with features of heart failure were recruited after identifying the causes of the heart failure with appropriate laboratory and imaging investigations. The data were analysed with Excel spreadsheet. Pneumonia was the most common cause of heart failure occurring in 9 (31.0%) children followed by anaemia, rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease in 7 (24.1%), 6 (20.7%), and 4 (13.8%) children respectively. Pneumonia was the major cause of congestive heart failure among the children, especially the infants and rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease remains an important contributor to morbidity in this study.
Aetiology, Congestive, Children, Emergency, Heart Failure, Nigeria
[1]
Park MK. Congestive Heart Failure. In: Park’s Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners 6th edition. Elsevier Saunders 2014; 1653-1675.
[2]
Masarone D, Valente F, Rubino M, Vastarella R, Gravino R, Rea A et al. Pediatric Heart Failure: A Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Management. Pediatr & Neonatol 2017; 58: 303-312.
[3]
Hsu DT, Pearson GD. Heart Failure in Children Part I: History, Etiology and Pathophysiology. Circ Heart Fail. 2009; 2: 63-70.
[4]
Animasahun A, Itiola J, Falase B, Gbelee O, Kehinde O, Odusanya O, et al. Congestive Cardiac Failure Among Nigerian Children; Pattern and Outcome. Int Cardiovasc Res J 2015; 9 (3): 164-168.
[5]
Adekanmbi AE, Ogunlesi TA, Olowu AO, Fetuga MB. Current trends in the Prevalence and Aetiology of Childhood Congestive cardiac failure. J. Trop Pediatr 2007; 53 (2): 103-106.
[6]
Oyedeji OA, Oluwayemi IO, Oyedeji AT, Okeniyi JA, Fadero FF Heart Failure in Nigerian Children. The Cardiol 2010; 5 (3-4): 18-22.
[7]
Duru CO, Mesiobi-Anene N, Akanbami FO Pediatric Heart Failure among emergency room admission in a Tertiary Health Centre in Southern Nigeria. Nig J Cardiol 2016; 13: 62-66.
[8]
Beggs S, Thompson A, Nash R, Peterson G. Cardiac Failure in Children. 17th Expert Committee on the selection of Essential Medicines, WHO, Geneva: WHO, 2009; 1-31.
[9]
Kantor PF, Lougheed J, Dancea A, McGillion M, Barbosa N, Chan C et al. Presentation, Diagnosis and Medical Management of heart failure in Children: Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29: 1535-1552.
[10]
Ogeng’o JA, Gatonga PM, Olabu BO, Nyamweya DK, Ong’era D. Pattern of congestive heart failure in a Kenyan paediatric population. Cardiovasc J. Afr. 2013; 24 (4): 117-120.
[11]
Comitis GA. Common Paediatric cardiac emergencies. CME 2011; 29 (11): 448-451.
[12]
Olowu AO. Studies on heart failure in Sagamu. Nig. J. Paediatr. 1993; 20 (2): 29-34.
[13]
Sadoh WE, Osarogiagbon WO. Pneumonia complicated by congestive heart failure in Nigerian children. East Afr Med J. 2012; 89 (10): 322-326.
[14]
Lagunju IA, Omokhodion SI. Childhood heart failure in Ibadan. West Afr. J. Med. 2003; 20 (1): 42-45.
[15]
Ilten F, Senocak F, Zorlu P, Tezic T. Cardiovascular changes in children with pneumonia. Turk J. Pediatr. 2003; 45 (4): 306-310.
[16]
Shann F, MacGregor D, Richens J, Conkley J. Congestive cardiac failure in children with pneumonia in Papua New Guinea. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998; 17 (12): 1141-1143.
[17]
Bode-Thomas F, Okolo SN, Ekedigwe JE, Kwache IY, Adewunmi O Paediatric Echocardiography in Jos University Teaching Hospital: Problems, Prospects and Preliminary Audit. Nig J Paediatr 2003; 30 (4): 143-149.
[18]
Sani Um, Ahmed H, Jiya NM Pattern of Acquired Heart Diseases among Children seen in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2015; 18 (6): 718-725.
[19]
WHO Technical Report Series 923: WHO Expert Consultation on Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease, Geneva, 29th Oct-1st Nov 2001. WHO Geneva 2004; 1-127.
[20]
Ibekwe R, Muoneke VU, Nnebe-Agumadu UH, Ibekwe MU. Factors influencing discharge against medical advice among paediatric patients in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. J. Trop. Pediatr. 2009; 55 (1): 39-41.
[21]
Okechukwu AA. Discharge against medical advice in children at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. J. Med. Med. Sci. 2011; 2 (7): 949-954.
[22]
Bioku MJ, Obalim-Chris A, Igwilo C, Adewumi O, Aremu G, Adamu H, et al. Prospective evaluation of cases of discharge against medical advice in Abuja, Nigeria. Scientific W. J. 2015; 2015: 314817.
