Metabolic Syndrome in the Gambia: Comparison of the International Diabetes Federation and Adult Treatment Panel III Definitions
[1]
Bernard C. Nkum, Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
[2]
Frank B. Micah, Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
[3]
Theophilus C. Ankrah, Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
[4]
Ousman Nyan, Department of Medicine, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, the Gambia; Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, the Gambia.
Background: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Objective: To compare and determine the level of agreement between International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP) metabolic syndrome in the adult Gambian. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient clinics of Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital and Medical Research Council Laboratories in Banjul, The Gambia. Methods: Two hundred and eight consecutive patients with systemic hypertension on treatment and 108 non-hypertensive patients aged over 25years were enrolled. A questionnaire was filled and anthropometric measurements were taken. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done as well as blood investigations including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides (TG). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was calculated using the Friedwald formula. Results: Three hundred and one participants with complete results were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of IDF metabolic syndrome was 42% while that of ATP was 33%, with IDF identifying significantly more cases of metabolic syndrome than ATP (p < 0.0001). The kappa statistics for the agreement between the IDF and ATP metabolic syndrome for all the participants was substantial (k= 0.719, p<0.0001). 86.7% of participants were classified similarly as having metabolic syndrome or not by both criteria. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high by both the IDF and ATP criteria in Banjul and the level of agreement between the two criteria was substantial.
Metabolic Syndrome, Systemic Hypertension, IDF, ATP
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