Environmental Effects of Underground Water Table Reduction in Tehran City (Iran)
[1]
Naser Ebadati, Dept. of Geology, Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran.
There is a gradual decline in the quality as it moves towards the south and south-east of Tehran which is due to the shallow level of underground water in the south and south–east of Tehran, as well as discharge of great volume of industrial effluent into the water table in this part of Tehran. On the other hand, due to the construction of Mamlo, Karaj and Latian Dams in Tehran province and it is suburbs, in the downstream area of these dams we are witnessing dryness of agricultural areas and degradation of plants coverage. The local inhabitants have been pushed into digging numerous deep wells and water retention which is a major factor in the fall of underground water level and creation of a water shortage crisis with its subsequent environmental effects. In order to examine and determine the underground water situation and identify the direction of the flow of water , charging and discharging resources and other parameters related by utilizing digits of static level under ground water level maps and annual water level variations, have been studied in this article. Those changes that occurred due to reduction in atmospheric precipitation or increase in irregular withdrawal of water from water tables have also been taken into account. The results indicate that; in recent years, in the south of Tehran, withdrawal from underground water resources has increased considerably due to unlimited discharge of water tables in various areas, resulting in instability and negative balance. In the southern parts of Tehran plain, due to the type of alluvial deposits, the more we move from the highlands towards the southern plain, the more is the decrease in the size of alluvium. Similarly, sediments are mostly composed of a notable thickness of clay layers, which, in view of its slight permeability, mobility and water hydraulic gravity decreases, the level of underground water raises. Increase in the underground water level and seepage of sewerage has resulted in an increase in water pollution.
Environmental Effects, Underground Water, Tehran, Aquifer
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