Upgrading of Tin in Kudedu Cassiterite (Tin Ore) Deposit Using Air Floating and 3 D-Magnetic Beneficiations Techniques
[1]
Dare Victor Abere, National Metallurgical Development Centre (NMDC), Jos, Nigeria.
[2]
Grace Modupe Oyatogun, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
[3]
Tajudeen Justice Ayodele, Bioresources Development Centre (BIODEC), Ilorin, Nigeria.
[4]
Moses Ogbochi Ogar, National Metallurgical Development Centre (NMDC), Jos, Nigeria.
[5]
Jephtar Uviefovwe Ohwoekevwo, National Metallurgical Development Centre (NMDC), Jos, Nigeria.
[6]
Ojoma Helen Adejo, National Metallurgical Development Centre (NMDC), Jos, Nigeria.
This work upgraded Tin in the tin ore deposit in Kudedu, Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria with the aid of air floating gravity and 3 D-magnetic separations techniques. The ore was sampled by using cone and quartering method before size reduction through crushing and grinding using the Denver jaw crusher and Denver cone crusher. The sample obtained was subjected to sieve analysis to determine the liberation size. The chemical composition of the crude tin ore was analyzed with the aid of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED-XRFS). 10 kg of the crude ore at the liberation size was subjected to air floating gravity in order to separate the tailing and concentrate. The resulting concentrate was transferred into the 3-Disc magnetic separator to further add value to the mineral of interest before subjecting it to ED-XRFS to determine the chemical composition. It was observed from the sieve size analysis result and the plot of the cumulative weight percent retained against the cumulative weight percent passing that the liberation size of the ore is at -500+355 μm given an assay of 45.63% SnO2. The ED-XRFS analysis of the crude ore reveals that the ore contains 15.75% SnO2 with other associated minerals in different proportions while the value obtained after the value addition is 65.86% SnO2 which implies that the value of the Kudedu cassiterit ore has been upgraded to meet the standard require as charge in the furnace to produce tin metal.
Cassiterite, Tin, Air Floating, Gravity, Concentrate, Ore, Liberation Size
[1]
Holland-Batt, A. B. (1998). ‘Gravity Separation: A revitalized technology. Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc., Littlelton, Colorado. SME preprint, 45-98.
[2]
Cassiterite ‘Mineral Data Publishing’ version 1, 2001-2005.
[3]
Ofor, O., 1992, Extraction of tin from cassiterite tailing by leaching – electrowinning process, Journal of Mining and Geology, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp 125-128.
[4]
Turner J. W. G and Hallewell M. P. (1999). Process improvements for fine cassiterite recovery at Wheal Jane. Minerals Engng., 6 (8-10).817
[5]
Metallic Minerals, October 2, 2010. http;//www.onlinenigeria.com/minerals/? blurb=517.
[6]
ITRI. 2016 Report on Global Tin Resources and Reserves. Available online: https://www.itri.co.uk/index.php? option=com_mtree&task=att_download &link_id=5551 6&cf_id=24 (accessed on 2 May, 2018).
[7]
Angadi, S. I.; Sreenivas, T.; Jeon, H.-S.; Baek, S.-H.; Mishra, B. K. (2015). A review of cassiterite beneficiation fundamentals and plant practices. Miner. Eng., 70, 178–200.
[8]
Leistner, T.; Embrechts, M.; Leißner, T.; Chehreh Chelgani, S.; Osbahr, I.; Möckel, R.; Peuker, U. A.; Rudolph, M. A study of the reprocessing of fine and ultrafine cassiterite from gravity tailing residues by using various flotation techniques. Miner. Eng. 2016, 96– 97, 94–98.
[9]
Feng, Q.; Zhao, W.; Wen, S.; Cao, Q. Activation mechanism of lead ions in cassiterite flotation with salicylhydroxamic acid as collector. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2017, 178, 193– 199.
[10]
Sun, L.; Hu, Y.; Sun, W. (2014). Effect and mechanism of octanol in cassiterite flotation using benzohydroxamic acid. Minerals Engng., 2 (4), 384.
[11]
Wills, B. A. and Napier- Munn T. J. (2006). "Mineral Processing Technology”, 7th Edition, Elsevier Science & Technology Books.
[12]
Adepoju, S. O. and Olaleye, B. M. (2000). Gravity concentration of silica sand from Itakpe iron-ore tailings by tabling operation. Nigerian Journal of Engineering management 2, 51-52.
[13]
Khanna O. P.: Material Science and Metallurgy Book (Dhanpat Rai Publications LTD, India, Rev. Edition) 1999, 32.1-32.6
