Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Is the Amphiphilic Carrier Structure Relevant for α-Tocopherol Anti-Peroxidation Efficiency in Mitochondrial Membranes
Current Issue
Volume 2, 2014
Issue 1 (February)
Pages: 1-7   |   Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2014   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 31   Since Aug. 28, 2015 Views: 1415   Since Aug. 28, 2015
Authors
[1]
Chiaramoni, N. S. , Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Bernal, Buenos Aires IMBICE-CONICET; Calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, (B1906APO), La Plata, Argentina.
[2]
Duarte, E. L. , Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05314-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
[3]
Marsanasco, M. , Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Bernal, Buenos Aires IMBICE-CONICET; Calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, (B1906APO), La Plata, Argentina.
[4]
Prieto, M. J. , Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Bernal, Buenos Aires IMBICE-CONICET; Calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, (B1906APO), La Plata, Argentina.
[5]
Lamy, M. T. , Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05314-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
[6]
Alonso, S. del V. , Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Bernal, Buenos Aires IMBICE-CONICET; Calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, (B1906APO), La Plata, Argentina.
Abstract
A study involving liposome-α-tocopherol organization and lipid peroxidation was carried out to contribute to the understanding of the correlation between the structure of the α-tocopherol carrier and the vitamin antioxidant activity in a mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial membranes were used as substrates for lipid peroxidation. α-tocopherol was incorporated in liposomes composed by 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at different α-tocopherol concentrations: 1, 5, 10 and 20 mol% relative to DPPC. DPPC membrane packing was studied by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) of spin labels incorporated into the liposomes and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Particle sizes were monitored by light scattering. As expected, ESR and DSC results revealed that α-tocopherol decreases DPPC rigidity when the bilayer is at the gel phase, and the gel-fluid transition is widened. Moreover, the presence of α-tocopherol in DPPC liposomes decreases mitochondrial peroxidation. Surprisingly, in the case of 10 and 20 mol% of α-tocopherol the decrement was found to be lower than with 1 and 5 mol%, with 1 mol% of α-tocopherol producing the best anti-peroxidant activity in mitochondrial membranes. In parallel, ESR and DSC data showed that with 1 mol% of α-tocopherol, at 30 oC, temperature at which the lipid peroxidation assay is performed, the DPPC bilayer is still quite packed, at gel state. At the same temperature, for concentrations of 5 mol% and above, DPPC enters in a broad gel-fluid transition, resulting in a less cooperative process. These findings could be related to the position of α-tocopherol active site nearby DPPC membrane surface. Accordingly, the activity was higher when DPPC membrane was more packed, in the gel phase; hence, the α-tocopherol active site would be more exposed, increasing the probability of α-tocopherol/free radical interaction; thus, decreasing mitochondrial membrane peroxidation. On the other hand, particle size analysis suggests that DPPC dispersions with higher α-tocopherol concentrations (above 5 mol%) are more aggregated than with 1 mol%. That, could also be relevant to the α-tocopherol antioxidant activity, as more α-tocopherol molecules could be exposed to the surface at lower α-tocopherol concentration. Hence, the present work shows that α-tocopherol anti-peroxidation activity in mitochondrial membranes is higher when the molecule is more diluted in DPPC membranes, the latter functioning major as a drug-carrier. That could be either related to the packing of DPPC vesicles and/or to their aggregation in the presence of higher α-tocopherol concentrations.
Keywords
Liposomes, α-Tocopherol, Peroxidation, EPR, DSC, Carrier Structure, Light Scattering, Mitochondrial Membrane
Reference
[1]
M.L. Thakur, U.S. Srivastava, Vitamin-E metabolism and its application, Nutrition Research, 16 (1996) 1767-1809.
[2]
H. Sies, W. Stahl, A.R. Sundquist, Antioxidant functions of vitamins. Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 669 (1992) 7-20.
[3]
G.W. Burton, A. Joyce, K.U. Ingold, Is vitamin E the only lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes?, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 221 (1983) 281-290.
[4]
C.K. Chow, Vitamin E and blood, World review of nutrition and dietetics, 45 (1985) 133-166.
[5]
D.C. Liebler, J.A. Burr, Oxidation of vitamin E during iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation: evidence for electron-transfer reactions of the tocopheroxyl radical, Biochemistry, 31 (1992) 8278-8284.
[6]
P.B. McCay, Vitamin E: interactions with free radicals and ascorbate, Annual review of nutrition, 5 (1985) 323-340.
[7]
J.M. May, S. Mendiratta, Z.-C. Qu, E. Loggins, Vitamin C recycling and function in human monocytic U-937 cells, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26 (1999) 1513-1523.
[8]
J. Atkinson, R.F. Epand, R.M. Epand, Tocopherols and tocotrienols in membranes: a critical review, Free radical biology & medicine, 44 (2008) 739-764.
[9]
M. Afri, B. Ehrenberg, Y. Talmon, J. Schmidt, Y. Cohen, A.A. Frimer, Active oxygen chemistry within the liposomal bilayer. Part III: Locating Vitamin E, ubiquinol and ubiquinone and their derivatives in the lipid bilayer, Chemistry and physics of lipids, 131 (2004) 107-121.
[10]
J.B. Massey, Interfacial properties of phosphatidylcholine bilayers containing vitamin E derivatives, Chemistry and physics of lipids, 109 (2001) 157-174.
[11]
X. Wang, P.J. Quinn, The distribution of alpha-tocopherol in mixed aqueous dispersions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1509 (2000) 361-372.
[12]
T.P. McMullen, R.N. McElhaney, New aspects of the interaction of cholesterol with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers as revealed by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1234 (1995) 90-98.
[13]
A. Ortiz, F.J. Aranda, J.C. Gómez-Fernández, A differential scanning calorimetry study of the interaction of α-tocopherol with mixtures of phospholipids, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 898 (1987) 214-222.
[14]
P.L. Yeagle, The membranes of cells, Second edition ed.(Academic Press, USA, 1993).
[15]
A.D. Bangham, Model membranes, Chemistry and physics of lipids, 8 (1972) 386-392.
[16]
M. Marsanasco, A.L. Márquez, J.R. Wagner, S. del V. Alonso, N.S. Chiaramoni, Liposomes as vehicles for vitamins E and C: An alternative to fortify orange juice and offer vitamin C protection after heat treatment, Food Research International, 44 (2011) 3039-3046.
[17]
J.A. Mendiola, D. García-Martínez, F.J. Rupérez, P.J. Martín-Álvarez, G. Reglero, A. Cifuentes, C. Barbas, E. Ibañez, F.J. Señoráns, Enrichment of vitamin E from Spirulina platensis microalga by SFE, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 43 (2008) 484-489.
[18]
N. Lambert, R.B. Freedman, The latency of rat liver microsomal protein disulphide-isomerase, The Biochemical journal, 228 (1985) 635-645.
[19]
J.A. Buege, Aust, S.D., Microsomal lipid peroxidation, in: L. Packer, Fleisher, S. (Ed.) Biomembranes, Academic Press, USA, 1997, pp. 413-421.
[20]
K.A. Riske, R.P. Barroso, C.C. Vequi-Suplicy, R. Germano, V.B. Henriques, M.T. Lamy, Lipid bilayer pre-transition as the beginning of the melting process, Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1788 (2009) 954-963.
[21]
D.I. Comas, J.R. Wagner, M.C. Tomás, Creaming stability of oil in water (O/W) emulsions: Influence of pH on soybean protein–lecithin interaction, Food Hydrocolloids, 20 (2006) 990-996.
[22]
A.L. Márquez, A. Medrano, L.A. Panizzolo, J.R. Wagner, Effect of calcium salts and surfactant concentration on the stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions prepared with polyglycerol polyricinoleate, Journal of colloid and interface science, 341 (2010) 101-108.
[23]
G.G. Palazolo, P.A. Sobral, J.R. Wagner, Freeze-thaw stability of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with native and thermally-denatured soybean isolates, Food Hydrocolloids, 25 (2011) 398-409.
[24]
G.G. Palazolo, D.A. Sorgentini, J.R. Wagner, Coalescence and flocculation in o/w emulsions of native and denatured whey soy proteins in comparison with soy protein isolates, Food Hydrocolloids, 19 (2005) 595-604.
[25]
M.A. Soto-Arriaza, C.P. Sotomayor, E.A. Lissi, Relationship between lipid peroxidation and rigidity in L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine-DPPC vesicles, Journal of colloid and interface science, 323 (2008) 70-74.
[26]
J.H. Freed, Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications, (Academic Press, New York, 1976).
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved