Producing Sulphuric Acid in Tanzania and Potential Sources: A Review
[1]
Morris Frank Hiji, College of Earth Sciences, University of Dodoma, P. O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania.
[2]
Justin William Ntalikwa, College of Earth Sciences, University of Dodoma, P. O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania.
[3]
Said Ali Vuai, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, P. O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Sulphuric acid is a backbone of chemical industry, agriculture and energy sectors. Tanzania has potential sources of producing its own sulphuric acid. The three most common methods: contact process, wet process and lead chamber process of producing sulphuric acid are reviewed. A modified lead chamber method can be a preferred method of producing the mineral acid by using local available raw materials according to Tanzania environment. Among of raw materials, pyrites from Samena area in Geita Region, Tanzania are the most potential, although there are also other sources from operating gold mines. Production of sulphuric acid in Tanzania could make a meaningful contribution to country economy.
Sulphuric Acid, Pyrite, Sulphur Dioxide, Modified Lead Chamber
[1]
Steward, J.W. and Tourse, P.J. (1984). Chemical Technology in Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Chapter 4, pp 83-86.
[2]
www.nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/production/1B.pdf, Retrieved on 8th August 2014.
[3]
www.sbioinformatics.com/design_thesis/sulphuric_acid/Sulfuric_2520Acid_Methods_2520of_2520Production.pdf
[4]
www.scifun.org/chemweek/PDF/Sulfuric_Acid_%26_Top_20_chemicals.pdf. Retrieved on 8th August 2014.
[5]
www.tanzaniainvest.com/agriculture, retrieved on 27th July 2014
[6]
Irz, X., Lin, L., Thirtle, C., Wiggins, S. (2001). Agricultural Productivity Growth and Poverty Alleviation. Development Policy Review, 19 (4): 449-466
[7]
Rennet, J.A.E (1964). Drilling Reconnaissance of the Samena Pyrite Deposit, Deita Area, Geelogical Survey of Tanganyika, Report no. JAEB/1.
[8]
Britton, J.M (1976). Samena Pyrite Deposit, Geita District, Geology and Mines Division Tanzania, Report no. JMB/9, Record Office File C.2125
[9]
TCME, Tanzania Chamber of Minerals and Energy. Overview of Mining Sector, http://www.tcme.or.tz/mining-in-tanzania/industry-overview/, retrieved on 15th August 2014,
[11]
Koglin, N., Frimmel, H. E., Lawrie-Minter,W. E., Brätz, H. (2010) Trace-element characteristics of different pyrite types in Mesoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic placer deposits. Mineralium Deposita , Vol 45, Issue 3, pp 259-280
[12]
Tanzania Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, brochure
[13]
URT, United Republic of Tanzania, Tanzania Mineral Audit Agency. Minerals found in Tanzania http://www.tmaa.go.tz/minerals/view/category/mineral, retrieved on 15th August, 2014.
[14]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wet_sulfuric_acid_process . Retrieved on 8th August 2014.
[15]
Jones, R.T. (2006). Sulphuric Acid Manufacture, Southern African Pyrometallurgy Journal.
[16]
Kristiansen, A. (2005). Topsoe Wet Gas Sulphuric Acid (WSA) Technology for Fixation of SO2 in off-gases in the Metallurgical Industry, pp 12.
[17]
URT, United Republic of Tanzania (2013). Scaling-up Renewable Energy Programme (SREP), Investment Plan for Tanzania, www.ewura.go.tz, retrieved on 15th June 2014.
[18]
Sawe, E.N., Magesa, F.B.,John, G.R., Mkilaha, I.S.N. (1998). Wind Energy, Tanzania Traditional Energy Development and Environment Organization (TaTEDO) report.
[19]
TANESCO, Tanzania Electricity Supply Co Ltd (2014). Power Generation, www.tanesco.co.tz, retrieved on 15th June 2014
[20]
Magessa, F (2005). Contribution of Tanzania GVEP Activities in Achieving Millennium Development Goals, Development and Energy in Africa, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, deafrica.net/workshops/Tanzania%201/Tanzania%20GVEP.ppt retrieved on 15th June 2014.
[21]
Williams, R. P. (2003). Introduction to Chemical Science. Chapter XIX, http://www.gutengberg.org/cache/ epub/3708/ pg3708.html, retrieved on 15th June 2011.
