Levels and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils from Selected Oil Palm Plantation in Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria
[1]
Asaolu Samuel Sunday, Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
[2]
Ojutemieden Daniel Onajite, Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
[3]
Ibigbami Olayinka Abidemi, Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
[4]
Adefemi Samuel Oluyemi, Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
[5]
Awokunmi Emmanuel Eyitayo, Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Background: In agricultural soils the anthropogenic input of trace metals can be enhanced by chemical applications such as fertilizers and pesticides as well as applications of animal manure and sewage. Objective: The research aim at determining the level and spatial distribution pattern of heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb, Co, Cu, Cr and Zn) in soils from selected oil palm plantation in Ode-Erinje, Southwestern Nigeria. Method: Soil samples were collected the surface, 15cm, 30cm at intervals of 15m and 30m down the slope and later analyzed for pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and heavy metal using standard analytical procedures. Result: The result indicates random variation in the pH, organic matter content and cation exchange capacity in both seasons. The results revealed that most samples were moderately acidic. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals mostly decrease in the following order Cu>Zn>Cd>Fe>Ni>Cr>Co>Pb. The distribution of heavy metals in the soil generally decreases with depth, while the concentration of the metals was found to increase and decrease with increasing distance. Conclusion: There is a need for periodic and constant monitoring of the distribution of metals in agricultural soil, so as to know the increasing levels of bioavailability, mobility and toxicity in soil.
Heavy Metals, Spatial Distribution, Soil, Concentration, Depth
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