The Optimization of Effective Parameters to the Synthesis of Pd-Supported on Activated Carbon for N-Debenzylation of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane Using Response Surface Methodology
[1]
Yadollah Bayat, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
[2]
Mona Molaei, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
[3]
Fatemeh Hajighasemali, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TADB) has been synthesized via N-debenzylation reaction of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) over Pd/C. Herein, we optimized condition of synthesis of Pd(OH)2 supported on activated carbon by using design of experiment. The fractional factorial design method was performed in the first step to screen important factors. Then, response surface methodology using a three-factor five-level central composite design was applied in the final step. The yield of TADB was promoted to 75% by using Pd (OH)2 supported on activated carbon synthesized in the optimized condition (14.57% Pd, pH: 9.61 and time of adsorption: 1.1 hour).
N-debenzylation, HBIW, Activated Carbon, Supported Catalyst, DoE, Isowurtezitane, CL-20
[1]
M. Geetha, U. R. Nair, D. B. Sarwade, G. M. Gore, S. N. Asthana, H. Singh, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.73 (2003) 913-922.
[2]
O. Ordzhonikidze, A. Pivkina, A. Frolov, N. Muravyev, K. Monogurov, J. Them. Anal. Calorim. 1( 2010) 1562.
[3]
R. B. Wardle, J. C. Hinshaw, P. Braithware, M. Rose, 27th Int. Annu. Conf. ICT, Germany, 27(1996) 1-10.
[4]
A. T. Nielsen, G. A. Olah. “Chemistry of energetic materials”, Academic press, (1991)95-124.
[5]
A. T. Nielsen, A. P. Chafin, S.L. Christian, D.W. Moore, M.P. Nadler, R.A. Nissan, D.J. Vanderah, R.D. Gilardi, C.F. George, J.L. Flippen-Anderson, Tetrahedron. 54 (1998) 11793.
[6]
A. P. Koskin, I. L. Simakova, V. N. Parmon, Russ. Chem. Bull. Int. Ed56.( 2007) 2370-2375.
[7]
Y-Z.Yu, X-Q. Zhao, Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics. 30(2005) 442-444
[8]
G. M. Gore, R. Sivabalan, U. R. Nair, A. Saikia, S. Venugopalan, B. R. Gandhe. Indian journal of chemistry, 46B (2007) 505-508
[9]
G. Herve, G. Jacob, R. Gallo, Chem. Eur. J. 12 (2006) 3339-3344.
[10]
W. G. Qui, S. S. Chen, Y. Z. Yu, Chin. J. Chem. 17 (1999) 554.
[11]
X-P. Guan, H. Yan, J-G. Sun, Y-Z. Yu, Molecules. 4 (1999) 69-72.
[12]
W-G. Qiu, S-S. Chen, Y. Z. Yu, Chinese journal of chemistry. 18(2000) 757.
[13]
S-p. PANG, Y-Z.Yu, X-q. Zhao, Energetic Materials. 10 (2002) 66-68.
[14]
A.P. Koskin, I.L. Simakova, Book of Reports, 1st Russian Conf. ‘perspectives of MakingCondensed Energetic Material and its Application’, p.42. Biisk 2006.
[15]
L. Marjolein, J. A. Toebes, D. van, P. Krijn, J. de, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A, Chemical. 173 (2001) 75-98.
[16]
G. Farkas, L. Hegedus, A. Tungler, T. Mathe, J.L. Figueiredo, M. Freitas, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical.153 ( 2000) 215.
[17]
H. Jin, S. E. Park, J.M. Lee, S.K. Ryu, Carbon.34 (1996) 429.
[18]
R. B. Wardle, J. C. Hinshaw. Brit. UK Patent, GB 2333292(1999).
[19]
R. B. Wardle, J. C. Hinshaw. US patent, 6147209 A(2000).
[20]
Y. Ou, Y. Xu, B. Chen, Chin. J. Org. Chem. 20 (2000) 556–559.
[21]
Y. Bayat, S. M. Pourmortazavi, H. Ahadi, H. Iravani, Chemical Engineering Journal. 230(2013)432-438.
[22]
T. U. Nwabueze, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol.45 ( 2010) 1768–1776.
[23]
T. Cukic, R. Kraehnert, M. Holena, D. Herein, D. Linke, U. Dingerdissen, Appl. Catal. A: General. 323 ( 2007) 25–37.
[24]
R. J. Card, J. L. Schmitt, J. M. Simpson, J. Catal. 79 (1983) 13-20.
[25]
E. Morgan, “Chemometrics: Experimental Design,” Open Learning, Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1991.
[26]
D. C. Montgomery, “Design and Analysis of Experiments,” 5th 5 Ed., Wiley, New York, 2001.
[27]
Information technology laboratory home page, NIST, http://www.itl.nist.gov.
[28]
E. Johansson, N. Kettaneh-Wold, C. Wikstrom, S. Wold, L. Ericksson, “Design of Experiments, Principles and Applications,” 3rd 12 Ed., Umetric academy, Sweden, 2009.
[29]
S. D. Brown, R. Tauler, B. Walczak, Elsevier.1 (2009) 367-373.
[30]
A. T. Nielsen, “Caged polynitramine compound,” US patent, 5693794 A(1997)532-570.
