Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Arab Culture Dimensions in the International and Arab Models
Current Issue
Volume 3, 2015
Issue 6 (December)
Pages: 423-431   |   Vol. 3, No. 6, December 2015   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 296   Since Dec. 18, 2015 Views: 3299   Since Dec. 18, 2015
Authors
[1]
Najm A. Najm, Department of Business Administration, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract
This paper explores the dimensions of Arab culture through a rich comparison of the Arab culture as seen from the international and Arab models of national culture. The paper also put emphasis on the gap between the two. It proves that national culture plays an important role in supporting or rendering the effective organizational culture. Arab culture is a complex collective whole of people’s self-perceptions, values and attitudes that can help us understand how Arab individuals and organizations function in different circumstances and how they prefer to respond to them. The study includes eleven international models and six Arab models of national culture. This study presents a beneficial analysis of these models and emphasizes that international models do not tell the whole story, and that they are insufficient to explain many of the decisions made by Arab managers. It also shows the need to enhance the stereotypical image that can emerge from international models through considering national models. The study provided a broad vision of Arab culture to combine Schein’s three levels of Culture with the main components of the Arab culture.
Keywords
Arab Culture, Islamic Work Ethic, Arab and International Models of National Culture
Reference
[1]
Abbasi, Abdus Sattar; ur Rehman, Kashif; and Abbasi, Shakir Hussain (2012): Islamic Work Ethics: How They Affect Shareholder Value, Sci. Int. (Lahore), 24(4), 521-530.
[2]
Adler, Nancy J. (2002): International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, Thomson South-Western, Mason.
[3]
Adler, Nancy J. and Gundersen, Allison (2007): International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, Thomson South-Western, Mason.
[4]
Ali, Abbas J. and Al-Owaihan, Abdullah (2008): Islamic work ethic: a critical review, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp5-19.
[5]
Ali, Abbas J. and Camp, Robert C. (1995) "Teaching Management in the Arab World: Confronting Illusions", International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 9 Iss: 2, pp.10-17.
[6]
Ali, Abbas J. (2005): Islamic Perspectives on Management and Organization, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
[7]
Al-Omari, Jehad (2008): Understanding The Arab Culture, how to Books, Oxford.
[8]
AL-Rasheedi, Sultan (2012): Influence of National Culture on Employee Commitment Forms: A Case Study of Saudi Western IJVs vs. Saudi Domestic Companies, Doctoral thesis submitted to the University of Warwick, WMG.
[9]
Bjèorn, Bjerke (1999): Business Leadership and Culture: National Management Styles in the Global Economy, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., pp231-244.
[10]
Cassel, M. A. and Blake, R. J. (2011). Analysis of Hofstede’s 5-d Model: The Implications of Conducting Business in Saudi Arabia, The 2011 New Orleans International Academic Conference New Orleans: Louisiana USA.
[11]
Communicaid Group Ltd. (2010): Doing Business in Oman, Oman Social and Business Culture, http://www.communicaid.com.
[12]
Dumitrescu, Virginia Mihaela (2012): The Cultural Dimension of Rhetoric: The Use of Meiosis and Hyperbole in Brithish and American English, Synergy, volume 8, no. 2, pp 161-169.
[13]
Fang, Tony (2003): A Critique of Hofstede’s Fifth National Culture Dimension, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 3 (3), pp347-368.
[14]
Froholdt, Loloma and Knudsen, Fabienne (2007): The Human Element in Maritime Accidents and Disasters: A Matter of Communication, pp303-308. http://www.imla.co.
[15]
Fukuyama, F. (1995): Trust: The Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity, Free Press, New York.
[16]
Fukuyama, Francis (1995): Social Capital and the Global Economy, Foreign Affairs, Volume, (74), No. (5), pp89-103.
[17]
Georgas, J. Van de Vijver, F. J. R. and Berry, J. W. (2004): The Ecocultural Framework, Ecosocial Indices and Psychological Variables in Cross-Cultural Research, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, pp74-96.
[18]
Gesteland, Rechard R. (1999): Cross-Cultural Business Behavior, Copenhagen Business School Press, Copenhagen.
[19]
Gupta, Vipin Hanges, P. J. and Dorfman, Peter (2002): Cultural Cluster: Methodology and Findings, Journal of World Business, 37, pp11-15.
[20]
Hala A. Sabri, (2012): Re-examination of Hofstede's Work Value orientations on Perceived Leadership Styles in Jordan", International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 22, Issue, 3 pp 202–218.
[21]
Hammad, Adnan et al. (1999): Guide to Arab Culture: Health Care Delivery to the Arab American Community, Dearborn.
[22]
Hellriegel, Don and Slocum Jr., John W. (2011): Organizational Behavior, South-Western, Australia.
[23]
Hill, Roger B. (1996): Protestantism and the Protestant Ethic, Available at: http://workethic.coe.uga.edu.
[24]
Hofstede G. and Bond M. H. (1988): Confucius & economic growth: New trends in culture’s consequences, Organizational Dynamics., Vol. 16, No.4, pp.4–21.
[25]
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8.
[26]
Hofstede, Geert and Minkov, Michael (2013): Values Survey Module 2013 Manual, Available at: www.geerthofstede.nl.
[27]
Hofstede, Geert (1980): Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values, CA: Sage, Beverly Hills.
[28]
Hofstede, Geert, Hofstede, Gert Jan and Minkov, Michael (2010): Cultures and Organizations, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[29]
Hofstede, Geert; Hofstede, Gert Jan, Minkov, Michael and Vinken, Vinken (2008): Values Survey Module 2008 Manual, Available at: www.geerthofstede.nl.
[30]
Hollensen, Svend (2011): Global Marketing: A Decision-Oriented Approach, Pearson Education Limited, Harlaw.
[31]
House, Robert J. et al., (2004): Published Culture, Leadership, and Organizations, The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Saga Publication, Ltd.
[32]
Hutchings, Kate and Weir, David (2006): Guanxi and Wasta: A Comparison, Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 48(1), January–February, PP 141-156.
[33]
Ibn Khaldun, A. M. (1993) Mokaddimat Ibn Khaldoun, Dar Al-Kotoob Al-almiah, Beirut.
[34]
Ibn Nabi, Malik (2000): Problem of Culture, Dar Al-Fiqr, Beirut.
[35]
Irfan, Mohammad (2012): 12 Tips for Doing Business in the Middle East, available at: http;//www.businessknowhow.com.
[36]
Kluckhohn, F. R. & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Row, Peterson, Evanston, IL.
[37]
Kwon, Jong-Wook and Kim, Hak-Cho (2013): Do China, Korea and Japan form a cultural cluster? Proceedings of 3rd Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 25 - 26 February, pp 1-19.
[38]
Lane, Jan-Erik and Ersson, Svante (2005): Culture and Politics, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Hants.
[39]
Littrell, Romie F. (2012): Cultural Value Dimension Theories: Hofstede – A Work in Progress, AIB Insights, Vol 12, No. 4, pp 3-6.
[40]
Lustig, M. W. and Koester, J (2005): Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication Across Cultures, Allyn and Bacon, New York.
[41]
Minkov, Michael and Hofstede, Geert (2011): The evolution of Hofstede’s doctrine, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp10-20.
[42]
Mitsis, Ann and Foley, Patrick (2005): The Effect of Students’ Cultural Values on their Student-Driven Learning Preference, Working Paper No. 11, June, Available at: http://www.crie.org.nz (accessed at: April 20, 2014).
[43]
Nanda and Warms (2007): Cultural Anthropology, Cengage Learning, Thomson Higher Education, Belmont.
[44]
Neyer, Anne-Katrin, Harzing, Anne-Wil (2008): An Examination of the Impact of Culrure on Interactions: Six Lessons Learned from The European Commission, Accepted for European Management Journal, Available at: http://www.harzing.com.
[45]
Nonaka, Ikujiro (1991): The Knowledge-Creating Company, HBR, Vol (68), No.(6), Nov-Dec, pp 96-104.
[46]
Nydell, Margaret K. (2002): Understanding Arabs: a guide for Westerners, Intercultural Press, Inc., Maine.
[47]
Obeidat, Bader Yousef et al., (2012): Toward Better Understanding for Arabian Culture: Implications Based on Hofstede's Cultural Model, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 28 No.4, pp. 512-522.
[48]
Prato, Giuliana B. (Ed) (2009): Beyond Multiculturalism: Views from Anthropology, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Surrey.
[49]
Ronen, S. and Shenkar, O. (1985). Clustering countries on attitudinal dimensions: A review and synthesis. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10, pp. 435-454.
[50]
Salem, Zaneb Omer and Agil, Syed Omar Syed (2012): The Effects of Islamic Management Ethics on Organizational Commitment of Employees in Libyan Public Banks, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(7), pp 260-270.
[51]
Schein, Edgar H. (2004): Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
[52]
Schwartz, S. H. (1992), “Universals in the content and structure of values: theory and empirical tests in 20 countries”, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 25 No. 1.
[53]
Schwartz, S. H. (2006), “A theory of cultural value orientations: explication and applications”, Comparative Sociology, Vol. 5 Nos 2/3, pp. 137-82.
[54]
Steers, Richard M., Sanchez-Runde C. and Nardon, Luciara (2010): Management Across Cultures, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[55]
Trompenaars, F. & Hampden-Turner, C. (1997), Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business, Second Edition, Nicholas Brealey Publishing Limit, London.
[56]
Trompenaars, F. (1993). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business, Irwin Professional, Chicago.
[57]
Trompenaars, F. and Woolliams, P. (2003), Business Across Cultures, Capstone Publishing Ltd., Chichester.
[58]
Venaik, Sunil and Brewer, Paul (2013): Critical Issues in the Hofstede and GLOBE National Culture Models, International Marketing Review, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 469-482.
[59]
Weaver, Gary R. (1997): American Cultural Values, Kokusai Bunka Kenshu (Intercultural Training), Winter, Vol. 14, pp. 14-20, Available at: http://trends.gmfus.org (accessed at: April 20, 2014).
[60]
World Bank (2008): Doing Business in the Arab World: Comparing Regulation in 20 Economies: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington D.C.
[61]
Yousef, D. A. (2000), Organizational Commitment as a Mediator of the Relationship between Islamic Work Ethic and Attitudes toward Organizational Change. Human Relations, Vol. 53 (4): 513-537.
[62]
Yousef, D. A. (2001), Islamic work ethic - A Moderator between Organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross-cultural context. Personnel Review, Vol. 30 (2): 152-165.
[63]
Yousef, Darwish A. (2000): Organizational Commitment as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Islamic Work Ethic and Attitudes toward organizational change, Human Relations, 53, pp 513-537.
[64]
Zaharna, R. S. (1995): Understanding Cultural Preferences of Arab Communication Patterns, Public Relations Review, Vol (21), No. (3), pp 241-255.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved