Factors Associated with Long-Standing HIV-1 Infection among HAART Treatment-Naïve Adults in Jos, Nigeria
[1]
Anejo-Okopi JA , AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
[2]
Agbaji OO , AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[3]
Ebonyi AO , Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[4]
Agaba PA , Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[5]
Onywera H , Department, HIV-1 Research Laboratory, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kisumu, Kenya.
[6]
Oguche S , AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria ;Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[7]
Mbaawuaga EM , Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
[8]
Audu O , Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
[9]
Abba JO , AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
[10]
Nimzing L , Department of Laboratory Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[11]
Isa SE , AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria ;Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[12]
Olonitola SO , Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
[13]
Idoko JA , National Agency for Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria.
[14]
Okonkwo P , AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
The estimation of the duration of HIV infection among newly enrolled HIV infected patients has become important because of clinical implications. Since many patients with HIV-1 infection are not usually diagnosed until they present with symptoms, the need to determine the factors associated with long-standing infection is becoming increasingly important for the epidemiologic purposes and of early access to HAART. We determine the factors associated with long-standing HIV infection in HAART naïve patients. One hundred and five cryopreserved plasma samples randomly selected from sample frame of 230 HIV-1 infected treatment-naïve patients at the adult ART clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital, were tested using enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-avidity index assay. Of the 105 samples, 100 were successfully tested. Basic demographic (age, sex, residence, education level, marital status), spouse on ARV, spouse HIV status), mode of transmission, WHO clinical staging, co-infections, HIV-1 viral load, and CD4+cell count results were obtained and analyzed using Stata software version 10.1. Majority of the patients had long-standing HIV-1 infection and were late presenters to the ART treatment Centre. Both the univariate and multivariate analyses showed that low CD4+ cell count was associated with the long-standing HIV infection at 95% CI 5.34 (1.30-21.92). Early detection of HIV-1 infection and access to ART is necessary to avoid rapid decline of CD4+ cell count resulting in accelerated HIV disease progression and consequent development of opportunistic infections
HIV-1, EIA, Avidity Index, Factors, Long-Standing HIV Infection, Nigeria
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