Ciliophoran and Myxozoan Parasites of Fishes from the Euphrates River at Al-Musaib City, Babylon Province, Mid Iraq
[1]
Furhan Thumad Mhaisen, Tegnervägen 6B, Katrineholm, Sweden.
[2]
Abdul-Razzak Labi Al-Rubaie, Al-Musaib Technical College, Babylon Province, Iraq.
[3]
Bashar Abdul-Hussain Al-Sa'adi, Al-Musaib Technical College, Babylon Province, Iraq.
During the period from July 2006 till the end of June 2007, a total of 472 fish specimens belonging to eight families and 24 species from the Euphrates River at Al-Musaib city, Babylon province, mid Iraq were inspected for parasites. Among the total of 65 parasite species recorded from these fishes, three ciliates (phylum Ciliophora) and two myxosporeans (phylum Myxozoa) were recorded. The ciliates included Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina cottidarum and T. domerguei while the myxosporeans included Myxobolus oviformis and M. pfeifferi. All these parasites were detected from the gills only. Apart from few exceptions, the percentage incidence of infection with all these parasites was generally low. Among all these parasites, I. multifiliis infected the highest number of hosts (14 host species), while M. oviformis infected only one host. Among these fishes, both Cyprinion kais and Liza abu were infected with the highest number of parasite species (four species) while six fish species were infected with only one parasite species. In addition, a total of 13 new host records in Iraq were reported for four species of these parasites.
Ciliophora, Ciliata, Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Freshwater Fishes, Euphrates River, Iraq
[1]
Abdul-Ameer, K.N. 2004. The first record of the ciliated protozoan Trichodina cottidarum in Iraq on the gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci., 17(3): 1-6.
[2]
Al-Alusi, M.A.-S. 1998. A study of some biological aspects and parasites of the mugilid fish Liza abu (Heckel) in Alus region, upper Euphrates River, Anbar province. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Al-Mustansirya Univ., 121pp (In Arabic).
[3]
Al-Awadi, H.M.H. 2003. Parasitic faunae (Protozoa and Monogenea) of six species of fish from Euphrates River near Kufa district (Najaf Al-Ashraf province), Iraq. Babylon Univ. J., Pure Appl. Sci., 8(3): 529-532.
[4]
Al-Jadoaa, N.A.A. 2002. The parasitic infections and pathological changes of some local and cultured fishes from Al-Qadisiya and Babylon provinces. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Educ., Al-Qadisiya Univ., 158pp (In Arabic).
[5]
Al-Sa’adi, B.A.-H.E. 2007. The parasitic fauna of fishes of Euphrates River: Applied study in Al-Musaib city. M. Tech. Thesis, Al-Musaib Technic. Coll., Found. Technic. Educ., 102pp (In Arabic).
[6]
Al-Salmany, S.O.K. 2015. Parasitic infection of some fish species from Euphrates River at Al-Qaim city, Anbar province. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Tikrit (Under preparation).
[7]
Al-Zubaidy, A.B. 2007. A study for some protozoan fauna of freshwater fishes from Hilla River, Babylon province, Iraq. Afr. J. Biol. Sci., 2(2): 97-104.
[8]
Amlacher, E. 1970. Textbook of fish diseases (Engl. Transl.). T.F.H. Publ., Jersey City, 302pp
[9]
Asmar, K.R.; Balasem, A.N.; Mhaisen, F.T.; Al-Khateeb, G.H. and Al-Jawda, J.M. 1999. Survey of the parasites of some fish species from Al-Qadisiya Dam Lake, Iraq. Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci., 12(1): 52-61.
[10]
Balasem, A.N.; Mhaisen, F.T.; Adday, T.K.; Al-Jawda, J.M. and Asmar, K.R. 2003. A second survey of parasitic infections in freshwater fishes from Al-Qadisiya Dam Lake, Euphrates River, Iraq. Mar. Mesopot., 18(2): 123-140. (In Arabic).
[11]
Basson, L. and Van As, J. 2006. Trichodinidae and other ciliophorans (Phylum Ciliophora). In: P.T.K. Woo (Ed.). Fish diseases and disorders, Vol. 1: Protozoan and metazoan infections, 2nd ed., CAB International, Wallingford: 154-182.
[12]
Bauer, O.N.; Musselius, V.A. and Strelkov, Yu.I. 1969. Diseases of pond fishes. Izdat. Koloz, Moscow, 220pp (In Russian).
[13]
Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I.E.; Gusev, A.V.; Dubinina, M.N.; Izyumova, N.A.; Smirnova, T.S.; Sokolovskaya, I.L.; Shtein, G.A.; Shul'man, S.S. and Epshtein, V.M. 1962. Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the U.S.S.R. Akad. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Moscow, 727pp (In Russian).
[14]
Dickerson, H.W. 2006. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptocaryon irritans (Phylum Ciliophora). In: P.T.K. Woo (Ed.). Fish diseases and disorders, Vol. 1: Protozoan and metazoan infections, 2nd ed., CAB International, Wallingford: 116-153.
[15]
Dogiel, V.A. 1961. Ecology of the parasites of freshwater fishes. In: V.A. Dogiel; G.K. Petrushevski and Yu.I. Polyanski, (Eds.). Parasitology of fishes (Engl. Transl.). Oliver and Boyd Ltd., Edinburgh and London: 1-47.
[16]
Fattohy, Z.I. 1975. Studies on the parasites of certain teleostean fishes from the River Tigris, Mosul, Iraq. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Mosul, 136pp
[17]
Froese, R. and Pauly, E. (Eds.) 2015. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publications, www.fishbase.org. (Accessed January 2015).
[18]
Herzog, P.H. 1969. Untersuchungen über die parasiten der süßwasserfische des Irak. Arch. Fischereiwiss., 20(2/3): 132-147.
[19]
Hoffman, G.L. 1998. Parasites of North American freshwater fishes, 2nd ed., Cornell Univ. Press, London, 539pp
[20]
Hussain, H.T. 2007. Survey of ectoparasites of some fishes of Al-Hilla River in Babylon province. J. Babylon Univ., Sci., 14(3): 228-232 (In Arabic).
[21]
Hussain, H.T. 2008. Study on the external ectoparasites of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) in Al-Hilla River, Babylon province. J. Babylon Univ., Pure Appl. Sci., 15(1): 245-248.
[22]
Kaur, H. 2014. Myxozoan infestation in freshwater fishes in wetlands and aquaculture in Punjab (India). Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci., 2(9): 488-502.
[23]
Klinger, R.E. and Floyd, R.F. 1998. Introduction to freshwater fish parasites. Florida Coop. Exten. Serv., Inst. Food Agric. Sci., Univ. Florida, Circular 716, 13pp
[24]
Margolis, L.; Esch, G.W.; Holmes, J.C.; Kuris, A.M. and Schad, G.A. 1982. The use of ecological terms in parasitology (Report of ad hoc committee of the American Society of Parasitologists). J. Parasitol., 68(1): 131-133.
[25]
Mhaisen, F.T. 1993. The role of wild fishes in fish farms of Iraq from parasitological and pathological points of view. Iraqi J. Vet. Med., 17: 126-136.
[26]
Mhaisen, F.T. 2015. Index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq. (Unpublished: mhaisenft@yahoo.co.uk).
[27]
Mhaisen, F.T.; Ali, N.M.; Abul-Eis, E.S. and Kadim, L.S. 1989. Protozoan and crustacean parasites of the mugilid fish Liza abu (Heckel) inhabiting Babylon fish farm, Hilla, Iraq. J. Biol. Sci. Res., 20(3): 517-525.
[28]
Mhaisen, F.T.; Al-Khateeb, G.H.; Balasem, A.N. and Mutar, A.J. 1997. On a collection of some fish parasites from Euphrates River, Anbar province, Iraq. Babylon Univ. J., Pure Appl. Sci., 2(3): 267-272.
[29]
Noga, E.J. 2010. Fish disease: Diagnosis and treatment, 2nd ed., Wiley-Blackwell, Iowa, 519pp
[30]
Rogers, W.A. and Gaines, J.L. 1975. Lesions of protozoan diseases in fish. In: W.E. Ribelin and C. Migaki (Eds.). The pathology of fishes. Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison: 117-141.
[31]
Shamsuddin, M.; Nader, I.A. and Al-Azzawi, M.J. 1971. Parasites of common fishes from Iraq with special reference to larval form of Contracaecum (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae). Bull. Biol. Res. Centre, Baghdad, 5: 66-78.
[32]
Shul’man, S.S. 1984. Parasitic protozoans. In: O.N. Bauer (Ed.). Key to the parasites of the freshwater fish fauna of the U.S.S.R., Nauka, Leningrad, 1: 1-428 (In Russian).
