Friedman Cosmology: Reconsideration and New Results
[1]
U. V. S. Seshavatharam , Honorary faculty, I-SERVE, Alakapuri, Hyderabad, India.
[2]
S. Lakshminarayana , Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.
Throughout the cosmic evolution, currently believed cosmic ‘critical density’ can be shown to be a default result of the ‘positively curved’ light speed rotating black hole universe. As there is no observational or experimental evidence to Friedmann’s second assumption, the density classification scheme of Friedmann cosmology must be reviewed at fundamental level and possibly can be relinquished. The observed cosmic redshift can be reinterpreted as an index of ‘cosmological’ light emission mechanism. Clearly speaking, during cosmic evolution, as cosmic time increases, hydrogen atom emits photons with increased quanta of energy. Thus past light quanta emitted from old galaxy will have less energy and show a red shift with reference to our galaxy. Note that in 1947 Edwin Hubble himself thought for a new mechanism for understanding the observed galactic redshift data. By considering the ‘Planck mass’ as the initial mass of the baby cosmic black hole, initial physical and thermal parameters of the cosmic black hole can be defined and current physical and thermal parameters of the cosmic black hole can be fitted and understood. Uncertainty relation and all other microscopic physical constants play a crucial role in understanding the halt of the present cosmic expansion.
Friedmann Cosmology, Black Hole Cosmology, Hubble Potential, Halting of Cosmic Expansion, Final Unification
[1]
Friedmann. A. On the Curvature of Space. General Relativity and Gravitation 31 (12): 1991-2000. 1999
[2]
Hawking S.W. A Brief History of Time. Bantam Dell Publishing Group. 1988
[3]
Hubble E. P, A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae, PNAS, 1929, vol. 15, 1929, pp.168-173.
[4]
Hubble, E.P, The 200-inch telescope and some problems it may solve. PASP, 59, pp153-167, 1947.
[5]
J. V. Narlikar. Introduction to cosmology. Cambridge Univ Press, 2002.
[6]
U. V. S. Seshavatharam. Physics of rotating and expanding black hole universe. Progress in Physics. April, p 7-14, (2010).
[7]
U.V.S. Seshava-tharam. The Primordial Cosmic Black Hole and the Cosmic Axis of Evil. International Journal of Astronomy, 1(2): 20-37, (2012).
[8]
Michael J. Longo, Detection of a Dipole in the Handedness of Spiral Galaxies with Redshifts z 0.04, Phys. Lett. B 699, 224-229 2011.
[9]
Christopher S. Reynolds. Astrophysics: Black holes in a spin. Nature. 494, 432–433 (28 February 2013)
[10]
C. L. Bennett et al, Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results. Submitted to Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5225v1
[11]
The Accelerating Universe. The Royal Swedish Academy of sciences. 2011 Nobel prize in physics. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf
[12]
N. Bohr. On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules Systems containing only a Single Nucleus. (Part-2) Philos. Mag. 26, 1913, p 476.
[13]
David Gross, Einstein and the search for Unification. Current science, Vol. 89, No. 2005, p 12.
[14]
Abdus Salam. Einstein’s Last Dream: The Space -Time Unification of Fundamental Forces, Physics News, 12(2):36, June 1981.
[15]
Michael O. Distler et al. The RMS Charge Radius of the Proton and Zemach Mo-ments. Phys. Lett.B. 696: 343-347,2011
[16]
Geiger H and Marsden E. On a diffuse reaction of the particles. Proc. Roy. Soc., Ser. A 82: 495-500, 1909.
[17]
J. Beringer et al. Particle Data Group. Phys. Rev. D86, 010001 (2012)
[18]
P. A. M. Dirac. The cosmological constants. Nature, 139, 1937, p 323.
[19]
Zhang, Tianxi. Cosmic microwave background radiation of black hole universe. Astrophysics and Space Science, Volume 330,Issue 1, pp 157-165. (2010).
[20]
Poplawski, N. J. Radial motion into an Einstein-Rosen bridge. Physics Letters B 687 (23): 110-113. (2010).
[21]
Poplawski, N. J . Energy and momentum of the Universe. Class. Quantum Grav. 31, 065005 (2014).
[22]
Seshavatharam, U. V. S. & Lakshminarayana, S., On the Role of Hubble Volume in Black Hole Cosmology & Final Unification. Prespacetime Journal, February 2014, Volume 5, Issue 2, pp. 148-173.
[23]
U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshmina-rayana, Hubble Volume and the Fundamental Interactions, International Journal of Astronomy, Vol. 1 No. 5, 2012, pp. 87-100.
[24]
U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana, B.V.S.T. Sai. Is red shift an index of galactic‘atomic light emission’ mechanism? International Journal of Physics, Vol. 1, No.3, 49-64, (2013).
[25]
U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana Microscopic Physical Phenomena in Black Hole Cosmos Rotating at Light Speed. Prespacetime Journal. October 2013, Volume 4, Issue 9, pp. 884-922.
